{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:19:57Z","timestamp":1790698797468,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1399","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,22]]},"DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T23:55:21Z","timestamp":1027727721000},"page":"855-860","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Herd immunity to filarial infection is a function of vector biting rate"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Michael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WellcomeTrust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A. P.","family":"Bundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WellcomeTrust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"India Haldipada 4664 20 10.8 Culex quinquefasciatus 241.3 Rath et al. (1984) Gopalpur 4659 20 9.4 Cx quinquefasciatus 177.4 Rath et al. (1984) Calcutta 582 20 15.0 Cx quinquefasciatus 1739.1 Gubler & Bhattacharya (1974)"},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"East"},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"Godavari 11 210 20 15.1 Cx quinquefasciatus 709.0 Rao et al. (1980)"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Rao et al. (1981)"},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Vetavalam 7976 20 11.7 Cx quinquefasciatus 1003.8 Ramaiah et al. (1989)"},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Pondicherry 1549 20 17.8 Cx quinquefasciatus 1106.3 Rajagopalan et al."},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"(1977)"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Indonesia Jakarta 922 20 6.3 Cx quinquefasciatus 646.7 Self et al. (1978)"},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"Philippines Paraiso 328 1 ml 22.6 Aedes poicillius 80.3 Grove et al. (1978) Valeza & Grove (1979)"},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"Liberia Bolilo 103 20 21.3 Anopheles gambiae An."},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson R. M. & May R. M. 1985 Herd immunity to helminth infection and implications for parasite control. Nature 315 493^496.","DOI":"10.1038\/315493a0"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aron J. L. & May R. M. 1982 The population dynamics of malaria. In Population dynamics of infectious diseases. Theory and applications (ed. R. M. Anderson) pp. 139^179. London: Chapman & Hall.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2901-3_5"},{"key":"p_13","unstructured":"Brunhes J. 1975 La \u00a2lariose de Bancroft dans la sous-region Malgache. Mem. d'Orstom 81 1^212."},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bundy D. A. P. Grenfell B. T. & Rajagopalan P. K. 1991 Immunoepidemiology of Iymphatic \u00a2lariasis: the relationship between infection and disease. In Immunoparasitology today (ed. C. Ash & R. B. Gallagher) pp. A71^A75. Cambridge: Elsevier Trends Journals.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(05)80021-0"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crombie J. A. & Anderson R. M. 1985 Population dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni in mice repeatedly exposed to infection. Nature 315 491^493.","DOI":"10.1038\/315491a0"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dreyer G. Pimental A. Medeiros Z. Beiliz F. Moura I. Coutinho A. de Andrade L. D. Rocha A. da Silva L. M. & Piessens W. F. 1996 Studies on the periodicity and intravascular distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti micro\u00a2lariae in paired samples of capillary and venous blood from Recife Brazil.Trop. Med. Int. Hlth. 1 264^272.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.1996.tb00037.x"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dye C. 1986 Vectorial capacity; must we measure all its components? Parasit.Today 2 203^209.","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(86)90082-7"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fulford A. J. C. Butterworth A. E. Sturrock R. F. & Ouma J. H. 1992 On the use of age ^intensity data to detect immunity to parasitic infections with special reference to Schistosoma mansoni in Kenya. Parasitology 105 219^227.","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200007414X"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grenfell B. T. & Michael E. 1992 Infection and disease in lymphatic \u00a2lariasis: an epidemiological approach. Parasitology 104 S81^S90.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075260"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grenfell B. T. Das P. K. Rajagopalan P. K. & Bundy D. A. P. 1990 Frequency distribution of Iymphatic \u00a2lariasis micro\u00a2lariae in human populations: population processes and statistical estimation. Parasitology 101 417^427.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000060613"},{"key":"p_21","unstructured":"Grove D. I. Valeza F. S. & Cabrera B. D. 1978 Bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in a Philippine village: clinical parasitological immunological and social aspects. Bull. WHO 56 975^984."},{"key":"p_22","unstructured":"Gubler D. J. & Bhattacharya N. C. 1974 Quantitative approach to the study of bancroftian \u00a2lariasis. WHO mimeograph document series WHO\/FIL\/74.129. Geneva: WHO."},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90303-J"},{"key":"p_24","first-page":"59","article-title":"Analysis of the Wuchereria bancrofti population in the people of American","volume":"38","author":"Hairston N. G.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Samoa. Bull. WHO"},{"key":"p_25","unstructured":"Hairston N. G. & de Meillon B. 1968 On the ine\u00a4ciency of transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti from mosquito to human host. Bull. WHO 38 935^941."},{"key":"p_26","unstructured":"Kuhlow F. & Zielke E. 1978 Dynamics and intensity of Wuchereria bancrofti transmission in the savannah and forest regions of Liberia.Tropenmed. Parasit. 29 371^381."},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80116-2"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90158-B"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMahon J. E. Magayuka S. A. Kolstrup N. Mosha F. W. Bushrod F. M. & Abaru D. E. 1981 Studies on the transmission and prevalence of bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in four coastal villages of Tanzania. Ann.Trop. Med. Parasit. 75 415^431.","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1981.11687461"},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0045"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael E. Bundy D. A. P. & Grenfell B. T. 1996 Reassessing the global prevalence and distribution of Iymphatic \u00a2lariasis. Parasitology 112 409^428.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066646"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muench H. 1959 Catalytic models in epidemiology. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674428928"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nathan M. B. 1981 Bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in coastal North Trinidad West Indies: intensity of transmission by Culex quinquefasciatus.Trans. R. Soc.Trop. Med. Hyg. 75 721^730.","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90163-2"},{"key":"p_34","article-title":"Parasitological and clinical studies of Wuchereria bancrofti and Mansonella ozzardi in coastal north Trinidad","volume":"31","author":"Nathan M. B.","year":"1982","journal-title":"West Indies. W. I. Med. J."},{"key":"p_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ottesen E. A. 1992 Infection and disease in Iymphatic \u00a2lariasis\u00f6 an immunological perspective. Parasitology 104 S71^S79.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075259"},{"key":"p_36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80128-6"},{"key":"p_37","article-title":"Some aspects of transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti and ecology of the vector Culex pipiens fatigans in Pondicherry","volume":"66","author":"Rajagopalan P. K.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"p_38","article-title":"Prevalence of bancroftian \u00a2lariasis and its control by single course of diethylcarbamazine in a rural area in Tamil Nadu","volume":"89","author":"Ramaiah K. D.","year":"1989","journal-title":"IndianJ. Med. Res."},{"key":"p_39","article-title":"Epidemiological studies on bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in East Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh): baseline \u00a2lariometric indices","volume":"71","author":"Rao C. K.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"p_40","first-page":"91","article-title":"Epidemiological studies on bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in East Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh): entomological aspects","volume":"13","author":"Rao K.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Com. Dis."},{"key":"p_41","article-title":"Bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in two selected rural communities in Puri District: Orissa\u00f6a comparative study of \u00a2lariometric data","volume":"16","author":"Rath R. N.","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Com. Dis."},{"key":"p_42","article-title":"A multidisciplinary study on bancroftian \u00a2lariasis","volume":"72","author":"Self L. S.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Jakarta. Trans. R. Soc.Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"p_43","first-page":"12","article-title":"Intensity and e\u00a4ciency of transmission and the development of micro\u00a2laraemia and disease: their relationship in Iymphatic \u00a2lariasis","volume":"95","author":"Southgate B. A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"p_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner P. & Michael E. 1997 Recent advances in the control of lymphatic \u00a2lariasis. Parasit.Today 13 410^411.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)90021-1"},{"key":"p_45","first-page":"61","article-title":"Bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in a Philippine village: entomological \u00a2ndings","volume":"10","author":"Valeza F. S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Hlth."},{"key":"p_46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90399-4"},{"key":"p_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90039-1"},{"key":"p_48","unstructured":"WHO\n\n   1992 Lymphatic \u00a2lariasis: the disease and its control. WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. 821. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijers D. J. B. & Kiilu G. 1977 Bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in Kenya. III. Entomological investigations in Mambrui a small coastal town and Jaribuni a rural area more inland (Coast Province). Ann.Trop. Med. Parasit. 71 347^359.","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1977.11687195"},{"key":"p_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wijers D. J. B. & Kinyanjui H. 1977 Bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in Kenya. II. Clinical and parasitological investigations in Mambrui a small coastal town and Jaribuni a rural area more inland (Coast Province). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 71 333^345.","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1977.11687194"},{"key":"p_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolhouse M. E. J. 1994 Immunoepidemiology of human schistosomiasis: taking theory into the \u00a2eld. Parasit. Today 10 196^202.","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90030-2"},{"key":"p_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolhouse M. E. J. Taylor P. Matanhire D. & Chandiwana S. K. 1991 Acquired immunity and epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium. Nature 351 757^759.","DOI":"10.1038\/351757a0"},{"key":"p_53","first-page":"96","article-title":"Studies on bancroftian \u00a2lariasis in Liberia, West Africa I. Distribution and prevalence in the Nord-Western Savanna area.Tropenmed","volume":"30","author":"Zielke E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Parasit."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.1998.0370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T03:33:54Z","timestamp":1563507234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.1998.0370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1399","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rspb.1998.0370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.1998.0370","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8452","1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,5,22]]}}}