{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:22:43Z","timestamp":1767676963581},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1574","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,25]],"date-time":"2005-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examine the role of ecological interactions on effective gene flow from genetically manipulated plants to their wild relatives. We do so by constructing and applying to oilseed rape (OSR) an analytical model for interaction between plants with and without an insect resistance (IR) allele in natural communities, incorporating documented levels of herbivore variability. We find that with reasonable values of advantage to the IR allele, little concomitant disadvantage (physiological costs of the allele) restricts it to low proportions of the natural population for large numbers of generations. We conclude that OSR IR transgenes are unlikely to pose an immediate threat to natural communities.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Our model identifies those factors best able to regulate particular transgenes at the population level, the most effective being impaired viability of seeds in the period between production and the following growing season, although other possibilities exist. Because solutions rely on ratios, limiting values of regulating factors are testable under controlled conditions, minimizing risk of release into the environment and offering significant advancement on existing testing programmes. Our model addresses folivory but is easily modified for herbivory damaging the seed or directly affecting seed production by infested plants, or for pathogens altering seed survival in the seedbank.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,25]],"date-time":"2005-07-25T20:40:02Z","timestamp":1122324002000},"page":"1759-1767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An analytical model assessing the potential threat to natural habitats from insect resistance transgenes"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Colleen K","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonBassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G","family":"Bowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of OxfordKeble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Breden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonBassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy M","family":"Poppy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of SouthamptonBassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00223700"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01237737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285938"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3565898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859699006413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1990.0190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-5809(03)00095-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(89)90024-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0602-567"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.1999.00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2258857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(72)90001-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"GM Science Review Panel GM science review (first report): an open review of the science relevant to GM crops and food based on interests and concerns of the public. 2003pp. 109\u2013194. Eds. London:Department of Trade and Industry."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420000538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2261630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/entm9532055-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/417659"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417437a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","first-page":"587","article-title":"Communications arising (reply): competition and coexistence in forest trees","volume":"422","author":"Kelly C.K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/04-0091"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly C. K. & Hanley M. E. 2005 Juvenile growth and palatability in congeneric British herbs. Am. J. Bot. 92 .","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.92.9.1586"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Potential persistence of transgenes: seed performance of transgenic canola and wild\u00d7canola hybrids","volume":"8","author":"Linder C.R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220050746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"The pests of cultivated plants in Finland 1965","volume":"20","author":"Markkula M","year":"1965","journal-title":"Maatal Ja Koetoim"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","unstructured":"NERC Centre for Population Biology I.C. The global population dynamics database. 1999 (See http:\/\/www.sw.ic.ac.uk\/cpb\/cpb\/gpdd.html.)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","unstructured":"Price P Insect ecology. 3rd edn. 1997 New York:Wiley."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(94)90201-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1224511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.1983.tb02768.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1051-0761(2003)013[0279:ABTRHA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.1997.00239.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","unstructured":"Vanholder B Belgian migrating Lepidoptera. 1997 (See http:\/\/www.sw.ic.ac.uk\/cpb\/cpb\/gpdd.html.)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001220050529"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T21:59:28Z","timestamp":1613858368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1574","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3131","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8452","1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,25]]}}}