{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:28:41Z","timestamp":1790004521822,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1587","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]],"date-time":"2005-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reports of bacterial pathogen DNA sequences obtained from archaeological bone specimens raise the possibility of greatly improving our understanding of the history of infectious diseases. However, the survival of pathogen DNA over long time periods is poorly characterized, and scepticism remains about the reliability of these data.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            In order to explore the survival of bacterial pathogen DNA in bone specimens, we analysed samples from 59 eighteenth and twentieth century individuals known to have been infected with either\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            . No reproducible evidence of surviving pathogen DNA was obtained, despite the use of extraction and PCR-amplification methods determined to be highly sensitive. These data suggest that previous studies need to be interpreted with caution, and we propose that a much greater emphasis is placed on understanding how pathogen DNA survives in archaeological material, and how its presence can be properly verified and used.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,16]],"date-time":"2005-12-16T19:24:51Z","timestamp":1134761091000},"page":"645-653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Evaluating bacterial pathogen DNA preservation in museum osteological collections"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Barnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University College LondonGower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University College LondonGower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000800017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2003314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH768>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jasc.1996.0063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(98)00008-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2004.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.012658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-4754.t01-1-00071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01133-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26885-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.21.12637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(85)90021-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2003.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(200002)111:2<153::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251396098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1997.00066.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","unstructured":"Gilbert M.T An assessment of the use of human samples in ancient DNA studies. 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