{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:30:47Z","timestamp":1791538247556,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1602","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,28]],"date-time":"2006-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Modern arthropod cuticles consist of chitin fibres in a protein matrix, but those of fossil arthropods with an organic exoskeleton, particularly older than Tertiary, contain a dominant aliphatic component. This apparent contradiction was examined by subjecting modern cockroach, scorpion and shrimp cuticle to artificial maturation (350\u200a\u00b0C\/700\u200abars\/24\u200ah) following various chemical treatments, and analysing the products with pyrolysis\u2013gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (Py\u2013GC\/MS). Analysis of artificially matured untreated cuticle yielded moieties related to phenols and alkylated substituents, pyridines, pyrroles and possibly indenes (derived from chitin).\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            -Alkyl amides, C\n            <jats:sub>16<\/jats:sub>\n            and C\n            <jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>\n            fatty acids and alkane\/alk-1-ene homologues ranging from C\n            <jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>\n            to C\n            <jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>\n            were also generated, the last indicating the presence of an\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            -alkyl component, similar in composition to that encountered in fossil arthropods. Similar pyrolysates were obtained from matured pure C\n            <jats:sub>16<\/jats:sub>\n            and C\n            <jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>\n            fatty acids. Py\u2013GC\/MS of cuticles matured after lipid extraction and hydrolysis did not yield any aliphatic polymer. This provides direct experimental evidence that lipids incorporated from the cuticle were the source of aliphatic polymer. This process of\n            <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n            polymerization appears to account for most of the fossil record of terrestrial arthropods as well as marine arthropods that lacked a biomineralized exoskeleton.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,2]],"date-time":"2006-08-02T17:54:30Z","timestamp":1154541270000},"page":"2777-2783","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The organic preservation of fossil arthropods: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"273","author":[{"given":"Neal S","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK"},{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, University of BristolBristol BS8 1RJ, UK"},{"name":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale UniversityPO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Michels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, UMR7566-G2R, Facult\u00e9 des SciencesBP236, 54501 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek E.G","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale UniversityPO Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P","family":"Evershed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Pancost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Geochemistry Unit, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(95)00012-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0356"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.259.5100.1439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3515135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"The molecular preservation of fossil arthropod cuticles","volume":"2","author":"Briggs D.E.G","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ancient Biomol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0094-8373(2000)26[169:TBPOCF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1669\/0883-1351(2003)018<0256:DADOTC>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1669\/0883-1351(2004)019<0428:BAPTOA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"A343","article-title":"Experimental simulation of organic fossilisation","volume":"69","author":"Gupta N.S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"Gupta N. S. Briggs D. E. G Collinson M. E. Evershed R. P. Michels R. & Pancost R. D. In press. Molecular preservation of plant and insect cuticles from the Oligocene Enspel Formation Germany: evidence against derivation of aliphatic polymer from sediment. Org. Geochem . 37 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"Gupta N. S. Michels R. Briggs D. E. G. Collinson M. E. Evershed R. P. & Pancost R. D. Submitted. Experimental evidence for land plant lipids as a source of aliphatic-rich kerogen. Org. 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