{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:40:04Z","timestamp":1790743204717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1620","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]],"date-time":"2007-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The palaeoecology of basal turtles from the Late Triassic was classically viewed as being semi-aquatic, similar to the lifestyle of modern snapping turtles. Lately, this view was questioned based on limb bone proportions, and a terrestrial palaeoecology was suggested for the turtle stem. Here, we present independent shell bone microstructural evidence for a terrestrial habitat of the oldest and basal most well-known turtles, i.e. the Upper Triassic\n                    <jats:italic>Proterochersis robusta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Proganochelys quenstedti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Comparison of their shell bone histology with that of extant turtles preferring either aquatic habitats or terrestrial habitats clearly reveals congruence with terrestrial turtle taxa. Similarities in the shell bones of these turtles are a diploe structure with well-developed external and internal cortices, weak vascularization of the compact bone layers and a dense nature of the interior cancellous bone with overall short trabeculae. On the other hand, \u2018aquatic\u2019 turtles tend to reduce cortical bone layers, while increasing overall vascularization of the bone tissue. In contrast to the study of limb bone proportions, the present study is independent from the uncommon preservation of appendicular skeletal elements in fossil turtles, enabling the palaeoecological study of a much broader range of incompletely known turtle taxa in the fossil record.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.0499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]],"date-time":"2007-05-24T21:15:46Z","timestamp":1180041346000},"page":"1885-1893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Shell bone histology indicates terrestrial palaeoecology of basal turtles"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"274","author":[{"given":"Torsten M","family":"Scheyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Palaeontology, University of BonnNussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.Martin","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Palaeontology, University of BonnNussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"Agassiz L vol. 1 1857 Boston USA:Little Brown."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Ueber den Ursprung der Extremit\u00e4ten der Ichthyopterygia","volume":"20","author":"Baur G","year":"1887","journal-title":"Berichte \u00fcber die Versammlungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereines"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"513","article-title":"Characters of the order, families, and genera of the Testudinata","volume":"3","author":"Bell T","year":"1828","journal-title":"Zool. 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Herpetol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1564834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cuora galbinifrons picturata subsp. nov., eine neue Unterart der Hinterindischen Scharnierschildkr\u00f6te. herpetofauna","volume":"20","author":"Lehr E","year":"1998","journal-title":"Weinstadt"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linnaeus C. 1758 Systema natur\u00e6 per regna tria natur\u00e6 secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis . Tomus I. Editio Decima Reformata Holmiae.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1442543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6995(89)80034-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Secondary adaptations of tetrapods to life in water","author":"Ricql\u00e8s A. de","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.268.5212.855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(92)90100-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/0094-8373(2000)026<0466:LHOTTS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","unstructured":"Scheyer T. M. In press. Comparative bone histology of the turtle shell (carapace and plastron): implications for turtle systematics functional morphology and turtle origins. PhD thesis University of Bonn."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Carapace bone histology in the giant turtle Stupendemys geographicus (Pleurodira: Podocnemidae): phylogeny and function","volume":"52","author":"Scheyer T.M","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Palaeontol. Pol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"Scheyer T. M. Sander P. M. Joyce W. G. B\u00f6hme W. & Witzel U. In press. A plywood structure in the shell of fossil and living soft-shelled turtles (Trionychidae) and its evolutionary implications. Org. Divers. Evol ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider J.GAllgemeine Naturgeschichte der Schildkr\u00f6ten nebst einem systematischen Verzeichnisse der einzelnen Arten und zwey Kupfern1783 Leipzig Germany:Johann Gotfried M\u00fcllersche Buchhandlung.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.5788"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-7903(03)00258-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"An archaic turtle, Heckerochelys romani gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic of Moscow region, Russia. Fossil turtle research, vol. 1","volume":"13","author":"Sukhanov V.B","year":"2006","journal-title":"Russ. J. 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