{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T21:15:19Z","timestamp":1776287719034,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1659","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]],"date-time":"2008-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1229990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Maternal experience before and during pregnancy is known to play a key role in offspring development. However, the influence of social cues about disease in the maternal environment has not been explored. We indirectly exposed pregnant mice to infected neighbours by housing them next to non-contagious conspecifics infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We examined the effect of this indirect immunological exposure on both the females and their adult offspring. Exposed females had higher levels of serum corticosterone and increased kidney growth compared with those with uninfected neighbours. These exposed females subsequently produced offspring that as adults showed an accelerated immune response to\n                    <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    and less aggression in social groups. We suggest that ambient information regarding disease is used adaptively to maximize offspring survival and reproductive success in a challenging environment. Our results shed light on the impact of social information and maternal effects on life histories, and have important consequences for our understanding of epidemiology and individual disease susceptibility in humans and other animals. They also lead us to question the suitability of some laboratory housing conditions during experimental procedures, which may impact negatively upon both animal welfare and the validity of animal science.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.1612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,7]],"date-time":"2009-01-07T21:08:40Z","timestamp":1231362520000},"page":"1047-1054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mothers produce less aggressive sons with altered immunity when there is a threat of disease during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Olivia","family":"Curno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerzy M","family":"Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan G","family":"McElligott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD, UK"},{"name":"School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Reader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris J","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/43425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-4-431-36025-4_22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000077349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)00174-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00249-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00011-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539053627686"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1007-1029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00466-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00668-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Testosterone is positively related to the output of nematode eggs in male Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) feces","volume":"9","author":"Decristophoris P.M.A","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evol. 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