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There are large individual differences in acrophobia (fear of heights), which we commonly assume consists of an abnormal fear of stimuli perceived normally. Evolved navigation theory (ENT) instead suggests that acrophobia consists of a more normal fear of stimuli perceived abnormally. ENT suggests that distance perception individual differences produce major components of acrophobia. Acrophobia tested over a broad range in the present study predicted large individual differences in distance estimation of surfaces that could produce falls. This fear of heights correlated positively with distance estimates of a vertical surface\u2014even among non-acrophobic individuals at no risk of falling and without knowledge of being tested for acrophobia. Acrophobia score predicted magnitude of the descent illusion, which is thought to reflect the risk of falling. These data hold important implications in environmental navigation, clinical aetiology and the evolution of visual systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,23]],"date-time":"2009-03-23T18:58:24Z","timestamp":1237834704000},"page":"1665-1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Individual differences in distance perception"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Russell E","family":"Jackson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, California State University at San Marcos333 South Twin Oaks Valley Road, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edn. 2000 Washington DC:American Psychiatric Publishing Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2002.94.1.229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(77)80116-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2006.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","unstructured":"Darwin C. 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