{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:57:55Z","timestamp":1790683075972,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1674","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]],"date-time":"2009-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wildlife on isolated oceanic islands is highly susceptible to the introduction of pathogens. The recent establishment in the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands of the mosquito<jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>, a vector for diseases such as avian malaria and West Nile fever, is considered a serious risk factor for the archipelago's endemic fauna. Here we present evidence from the monitoring of aeroplanes and genetic analysis that<jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>is regularly introduced via aircraft into the Gal\u00e1pagos Archipelago. Genetic population structure and admixture analysis demonstrates that these mosquitoes breed with, and integrate successfully into, already-established populations of<jats:italic>C. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>in the Gal\u00e1pagos, and that there is ongoing movement of mosquitoes between islands. Tourist cruise boats and inter-island boat services are the most likely mechanism for transporting<jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>mosquitoes between islands. Such anthropogenic mosquito movements increase the risk of the introduction of mosquito-borne diseases novel to Gal\u00e1pagos and their subsequent widespread dissemination across the archipelago. Failure to implement and maintain measures to prevent the human-assisted transport of mosquitoes to and among the islands could have catastrophic consequences for the endemic wildlife of Gal\u00e1pagos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.0998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,13]],"date-time":"2009-08-13T00:25:27Z","timestamp":1250123127000},"page":"3769-3775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Evidence for regular ongoing introductions of mosquito disease vectors into the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"276","author":[{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Bataille","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"},{"name":"NERC Molecular Genetics Facility (Sheffield), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"},{"name":"Gal\u00e1pagos Genetics, Epidemiology and Pathology Laboratory, Gal\u00e1pagos National Park, Universidad de Guayaquil, Puerto Ayora, Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virna","family":"Cede\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gal\u00e1pagos Genetics, Epidemiology and Pathology Laboratory, Gal\u00e1pagos National Park, Universidad de Guayaquil, Puerto Ayora, Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador"},{"name":"Concepto Azul, Cdla. Vernaza Norte Mz 10 Villa 34, PO Box 09-02-142A, Guayaquil, Ecuador"},{"name":"Biotechnology Program, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilyn","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gal\u00e1pagos Genetics, Epidemiology and Pathology Laboratory, Gal\u00e1pagos National Park, Universidad de Guayaquil, Puerto Ayora, Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Eastwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Causton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronal","family":"Azuero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Loayza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Gal\u00e1pagos Islands, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose D. 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