{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1787316461414,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1698","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]],"date-time":"2010-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1276128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Studies of\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the environment and infected patients suggest that the waning of cholera outbreaks is associated with rise in the density of lytic bacteriophage. In accordance with mathematical models, there are seemingly realistic conditions where phage predation could be responsible for declines in the incidence of cholera. Here, we present the results of experiments with the El Tor strain of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (N16961) and a naturally occurring lytic phage (JSF4), exploring the validity of the main premise of this model: that phage predation limits the density of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. At one level, the results of our experiments are inconsistent with this hypothesis. JSF4-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    evolve within a short time following their confrontation with these viruses and their populations become limited by resources rather than phage predation. At a larger scale, however, the results of our experiments are not inconsistent with the hypothesis that bacteriophage modulate outbreaks of cholera. We postulate that the resistant bacteria that evolved play an insignificant role in the ecology or pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Relative to the phage-sensitive cells from whence they are derived, the evolved JSF4-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    have fitness costs and other characters that are likely to impair their ability to compete with the sensitive cells in their natural habitat and may be avirulent in human hosts. The results of this\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    study make predictions that can be tested in natural populations of\n                    <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cholera-infected patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]],"date-time":"2010-06-10T21:04:22Z","timestamp":1276203862000},"page":"3247-3254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["An experimental study of the population and evolutionary dynamics of\n                    <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n                    O1 and the bacteriophage JSF4"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"277","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University, Graduate Program in Population Biology, Ecology and Evolution (PBEE), 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5773-5778.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05568.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2000.00161.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/129.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.10.6324"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1935611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.7.3220-3225.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2003)001[0080:EMAHPT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502069102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408992102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.12.7920-7926.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.6.2246-2255.1996","article-title":"Alterations in Vibrio cholerae motility phenotypes correlate with changes in virulence factor expression","volume":"64","author":"Gardel C. 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