{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:08:08Z","timestamp":1790888888277,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1708","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,29]],"date-time":"2010-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Critical to the mitigation of parasitic vector-borne diseases is the development of accurate spatial predictions that integrate environmental conditions conducive to pathogen proliferation. Species of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    readily infect humans, and are also common in birds. Here, we develop predictive spatial models for the prevalence of these blood parasites in the olive sunbird (\n                    <jats:italic>Cyanomitra olivacea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Since this species exhibits high natural parasite prevalence and occupies diverse habitats in tropical Africa, it represents a distinctive ecological model system for studying vector-borne pathogens. We used PCR and microscopy to screen for haematozoa from 28 sites in Central and West Africa. Species distribution models were constructed to associate ground-based and remotely sensed environmental variables with parasite presence. We then used machine-learning algorithm models to identify relationships between parasite prevalence and environmental predictors. Finally, predictive maps were generated by projecting model outputs to geographically unsampled areas. Results indicate that for\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., the maximum temperature of the warmest month was most important in predicting prevalence. For\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., seasonal canopy moisture variability was the most important predictor. The models presented here visualize gradients of disease prevalence, identify pathogen hotspots and will be instrumental in studying the effects of ecological change on these and other pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,29]],"date-time":"2010-09-29T20:26:35Z","timestamp":1285791995000},"page":"1025-1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Spatially explicit predictions of blood parasites in a widely distributed African rainforest bird"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"R. N. M.","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Buermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Harrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bonneaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Loiseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chasar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Sepil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Valki\u016bnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Iezhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Saatchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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