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Such alterations of skin integrity and function are well established for humans and laboratory animals, but remain unexplored for mammalian wildlife. However, effects are unlikely to be negligible, particularly for species such as whales, whose anatomical or life-history traits force them to experience continuous sun exposure. We conducted photographic and histological surveys of three seasonally sympatric whale species to investigate sunburn and photoprotection. We find that lesions commonly associated with acute severe sun damage in humans are widespread and that individuals with fewer melanocytes have more lesions and less apoptotic cells. This suggests that the pathways used to limit and resolve UVR-induced damage in humans are shared by whales and that darker pigmentation is advantageous to them. Furthermore, lesions increased significantly in time, as would be expected under increasing UV irradiance. Apoptosis and melanocyte proliferation mirror this trend, suggesting that whales are capable of quick photoprotective responses. We conclude that the thinning ozone layer may pose a risk to the health of whales and other vulnerable wildlife.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T01:32:30Z","timestamp":1289439150000},"page":"1581-1586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Acute sun damage and photoprotective responses in whales"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Laura M.","family":"Martinez-Levasseur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK"},{"name":"School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Gendron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Av. 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