{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:47:17Z","timestamp":1791179237538,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1713","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most biologically available and toxic form of mercury, and can act as a powerful teratogen, neurotoxin and endocrine disruptor in vertebrates. However, mechanisms of endocrine impairment and net effects on demography of biota are poorly understood. Here, we report that experimental exposure of an aquatic bird over 3 years to environmentally relevant dietary MeHg concentrations (0.05\u20130.3 ppm wet weight) resulted in dose-related increases in male\u2013male pairing behaviour (to 55% of males), and decreases in egg productivity (to 30%). Dosed males showed decreased rates of key courtship behaviours, and were approached less by courting females in comparison to control males. Within dosed groups, homosexual males showed a similar reduction when compared with dosed heterosexual males. We found an average 35 per cent decrease in fledgling production in high-dose birds over the study duration. These results are of interest because (i) MeHg exposure is experimentally tied to demographically important reproductive deficits, (ii) these effects were found at low, chronic exposure levels commonly experienced by wildlife, and (iii) effects on reproductive behaviour and sexual preference mediated by endocrine disruption represent a novel and probably under-reported mechanism by which contaminants may influence wild populations of birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.2189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,2]],"date-time":"2010-12-02T02:05:37Z","timestamp":1291255537000},"page":"1851-1857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Altered pairing behaviour and reproductive success in white ibises exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of methylmercury"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Frederick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilmini","family":"Jayasena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09647-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[12:EOEMOT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(87)90173-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-002-2021-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903129218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/04-570.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1642\/0004-8038(2005)122[0255:RAMCHA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440802233259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-008-9160-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Population dynamics of the common loon (Gavia immer) associated with mercury-contaminated waters in northwestern Ontario","volume":"56","author":"Barr J. F.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. Wildl. Serv. Occas. Pap."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-007-0167-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-007-0168-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3800348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","article-title":"In situ behavioral response of common loons associated with elevated mercury (Hg) exposure","volume":"2","author":"Nocera J. J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Conserv. Ecol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-010-0479-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Jayasena N.. 2010 Effects of chronic methylmercury exposure on reproductive success behavior and steroid hormones of the white ibis ( Eudocimus albus ). PhD dissertation University of Florida Gainesville."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frederick P. C.. 1986 Extrapair copulations in the mating system of white ibis ( Eudocimus albus ). PhD dissertation University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.","DOI":"10.1163\/156853987X00125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/08-253.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/1551-5028(1999)018<1940:EOGEAA>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Loftus W. F.. 2000 Accumulation and fate of mercury in an Everglades aquatic food web. PhD Florida International University Miami."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","volume-title":"The birds of North America online","author":"Heath J. 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