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In this study, we compare the killing efficacy of CD8+ T-cell responses in mice acutely and persistently infected with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, using an in vivo CTL killing assay. To infer the killing efficacy of CTLs, we developed a new mathematical model describing the disappearance of peptide-pulsed cells from the blood of the mice over time. We estimate a lower half-life for peptide-pulsed cells in acute infection than in persistent infection, which indicates a higher killing efficacy of the CD8+ T-cell response in acute infection. However, by controlling for the different levels of CTLs in acutely and persistently infected mice, we find that CTLs in persistent infection are only two times less efficacious than CTLs in acute infections. These results strongly suggest that the in vivo cytotoxicity of CD8+ T-cell responses in persistent infection is modulated via the number of CTLs rather than their individual functionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,30]],"date-time":"2011-03-30T07:01:11Z","timestamp":1301468471000},"page":"3395-3402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of cytotoxic T lymphocyte efficacy in acute and persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"278","author":[{"given":"Frederik","family":"Graw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Oxenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland R.","family":"Regoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025123107495156200_RSPB20110453C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.6.1667","article-title":"Dressed to kill? 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