{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:47:06Z","timestamp":1791920826116,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1726","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), persistent chemicals widely used for industrial purposes, have been banned in most parts of the world for decades. Owing to their bioaccumulative nature, PCBs are still found in high concentrations in marine mammals, particularly those that occupy upper trophic positions. While PCB-related health effects have been well-documented in some mammals, studies among dolphins and whales are limited. We conducted health evaluations of bottlenose dolphins (\n            <jats:italic>Tursiops truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n            ) near a site on the Georgia, United States coast heavily contaminated by Aroclor 1268, an uncommon PCB mixture primarily comprised of octa- through deca-chlorobiphenyl congeners. A high proportion (26%) of sampled dolphins suffered anaemia, a finding previously reported from primate laboratory studies using high doses of a more common PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254. In addition, the dolphins showed reduced thyroid hormone levels and total thyroxine, free thyroxine and triiodothyronine negatively correlated with PCB concentration measured in blubber (\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            = 0.039, &lt; 0.001, 0.009, respectively). Similarly, T-lymphocyte proliferation and indices of innate immunity decreased with blubber PCB concentration, suggesting an increased susceptibility to infectious disease. Other persistent contaminants such as DDT which could potentially confound results were similar in the Georgia dolphins when compared with previously sampled reference sites, and therefore probably did not contribute to the observed correlations. Our results clearly demonstrate that dolphins are vulnerable to PCB-related toxic effects, at least partially mediated through the endocrine system. The severity of the effects suggests that the PCB mixture to which the Georgia dolphins were exposed has substantial toxic potential and further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanisms and potential impacts on other top-level predators, including humans, who regularly consume fish from the same marine waters.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T09:21:07Z","timestamp":1306315267000},"page":"48-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Anaemia, hypothyroidism and immune suppression associated with polychlorinated biphenyl exposure in bottlenose dolphins (\n            <i>Tursiops truncatus<\/i>\n            )"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Lori H.","family":"Schwacke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Zolman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Balmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Zoological Society, c\/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"De Guise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Clay","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hoguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleta A.","family":"Hohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Kucklick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny A.","family":"Litz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne E.","family":"McFee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Center for Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ned J.","family":"Place","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Forrest I.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayside Hospital for Animals, Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall S.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chicago Zoological Society, c\/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa K.","family":"Rowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(95)00018-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379801400107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(91)90163-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3454647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es960721r"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9709435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(03)00371-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es070440r"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90091-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"Geraci J.. 1989 Clinical investigation of the 1987\u201388 mass mortality of bottlenose dolphins along the U.S. central and south Atlantic coast: final report to the National Marine Fisheries Service. U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research and the Marine Mammal Commission Ontario Veterinary College Guelph Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(96)03396-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3432414"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0094-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.2009.00306.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390590921766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390500227472"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.8.973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(93)90219-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262338401200103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"The haematology of hypothyroidism","volume":"45","author":"Horton L.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Q. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8661"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-2-520"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6917(95)90021-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-009-9890-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"Different competition of thyroxine binding to transthyretin and thyroxine-binding globulin by hydroxy-PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs","volume":"270","author":"Lans M. C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es060629n"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1993.1074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","volume-title":"Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).","author":"ATSDR","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","volume-title":"Current intelligence bulletin 7, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)","author":"Lloyd R.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2006.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es1042244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-27565-7_1"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T07:13:56Z","timestamp":1613632436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1726","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2011.0665","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8452","1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}