{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:36:03Z","timestamp":1791196563178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1745","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1345593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The Middle Cambrian lophotrochozoans\n            <jats:italic>Odontogriphus omalus<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Wiwaxia corrugata<\/jats:italic>\n            have been interpreted as stem-group members of either the Mollusca, the Annelida, or a group containing Mollusca + Annelida. The case for each classification rests on the organisms' unusual mouthparts, whose two to three tooth-rows resemble both the molluscan radula and the jaws of certain annelid worms. Despite their potential significance, these mouthparts have not previously been described in detail. This study examined the feeding apparatuses of over 300 specimens from the 505-million-year-old Burgess Shale, many of which were studied for the first time. Rather than denticulate plates, each tooth row comprises a single axial tooth that is flanked on each side by eight to 16 separate shoehorn-shaped teeth. Tooth rows sat on a grooved basal tongue, and two large lobes flanked the apparatus. New observations\u2014the shape, distribution and articulation of the individual teeth, and the mouthparts' mode of growth\u2014are incompatible with an annelid interpretation, instead supporting a classification in Mollusca. The ancestral molluscan radula is best reconstructed as unipartite with a symmetrical medial tooth, and\n            <jats:italic>Odontogriphus<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Wiwaxia<\/jats:italic>\n            as grazing deposit-feeders.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.1577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]],"date-time":"2012-08-22T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1345627493000},"page":"4287-4295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Mouthparts of the Burgess Shale fossils\n            <i>Odontogriphus<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Wiwaxia<\/i>\n            : implications for the ancestral molluscan radula"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5"},{"name":"Palaeobiology Section, Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1985.0005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2400789"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1666\/07-066.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00241160410002027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1669\/0883-1351(2002)017<0110:beiofe>2.0.co;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Teasing fossils out of shales with cameras and computers","volume":"3","author":"Bengtson S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bengtson, S.. 2000 Teasing fossils out of shales with cameras and computers. 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