{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:54:42Z","timestamp":1762271682319},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1754","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]],"date-time":"2013-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Many malaria vector mosquitoes in Africa have an extreme preference for feeding on humans. This specialization allows them to sustain much higher levels of transmission than elsewhere, but there is little understanding of the evolutionary forces that drive this behaviour. In Tanzania, we used a semi-field system to test whether the well-documented preferences of the vectors,\n            <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:italic>sensu stricto<\/jats:italic>\n            (s.s.) for cattle and humans, respectively, are predicted by the fitness they obtain from host-seeking on these species relative to other available hosts. Mosquito fitness was contrasted, when humans were fully exposed and when they were protected by a typical bednet. The fitness of both vectors varied between host species. The predicted relationship between host preference and fitness was confirmed in\n            <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n            , but not in\n            <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n            s.s., whose fitness was similar on humans and other mammals. Use of typical, imperfect bednets generated only minor reductions in\n            <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n            s.s. feeding success and fitness on humans, but was predicted to generate a significant reduction in the lifetime reproductive success of\n            <jats:italic>An. arabiensis<\/jats:italic>\n            on humans relative to cows. This supports the hypothesis that such human-protective measures could additionally benefit malaria control by increasing selection for zoophily in vectors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]],"date-time":"2013-01-09T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1357740642000},"page":"20122823","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The impact of host species and vector control measures on the fitness of African malaria vectors"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"Issa N.","family":"Lyimo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Haydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya L.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Vector Group, Liverpool School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kasian F.","family":"Mbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ally A.","family":"Daraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Mbehela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Science Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 53, Ifakara, Tanzania"},{"name":"Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2009.00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2010.0413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2008.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Genetically modified mosquitoes for malaria control","author":"Ferguson H","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"224","article-title":"Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in Malaysia","volume":"65","author":"Singh B","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. 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