{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:57:32Z","timestamp":1791086252755,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1764","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Pneumococcus is an important human pathogen, highly antibiotic resistant and a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide. Better prevention requires understanding the drivers of pneumococcal infection incidence and antibiotic susceptibility. Although respiratory viruses (including influenza) have been suggested to influence pneumococcal infections, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, and viruses are rarely considered when studying pneumococcus epidemiology. Here, we propose a novel mathematical model to examine hypothetical relationships between\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            meningitis incidence (SPMI), acute viral respiratory infections (AVRIs) and antibiotic exposure. French time series of SPMI, AVRI and penicillin consumption over 2001\u20132004 are analysed and used to assess four distinct virus\u2013bacteria interaction submodels, ascribing the interaction on pneumococcus transmissibility and\/or pathogenicity. The statistical analysis reveals strong associations between time series: SPMI increases shortly after AVRI incidence and decreases overall as the antibiotic-prescription rate rises. Model simulations require a combined impact of AVRI on both pneumococcal transmissibility (up to 1.3-fold increase at the population level) and pathogenicity (up to threefold increase) to reproduce the data accurately, along with diminished epidemic fitness of resistant pneumococcal strains causing meningitis (0.97 (0.96\u20130.97)). Overall, our findings suggest that AVRI and antibiotics strongly influence SPMI trends. Consequently, vaccination protecting against respiratory virus could have unexpected benefits to limit invasive pneumococcal infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.0519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,19]],"date-time":"2013-06-19T09:15:26Z","timestamp":1371633326000},"page":"20130519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Assessing pneumococcal meningitis association with viral respiratory infections and antibiotics: insights from statistical and mathematical models"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"280","author":[{"given":"Lulla","family":"Opatowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pharmaco-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et Maladies Infectieuses (PhEMI), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U 657, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Ile de France Ouest, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint Quentin, EA 4499, 78035 Versailles, France"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Varon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Pneumocoques, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pharmaco-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et Maladies Infectieuses (PhEMI), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Temime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservatoire national des arts et m\u00e9tiers, Laboratoire Mod\u00e9lisation et surveillance des risques pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"van der Werf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Virus \u00e0 ARN, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France"},{"name":"CNRS UMR 3569, 75724 Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Mol\u00e9culaire des Virus \u00e0 ARN, Univ. Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, 75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Gutmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Pneumocoques, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Yves","family":"Bo\u00eblle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U707, Paris, France"},{"name":"UMR S 707, Paris, France"},{"name":"H\u00f4pital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Watier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pharmaco-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et Maladies Infectieuses (PhEMI), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U 657, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Ile de France Ouest, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint Quentin, EA 4499, 78035 Versailles, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle de Sant\u00e9 Publique, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, France, F\u201392380 Garches, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Guillemot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Pharmaco-\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et Maladies Infectieuses (PhEMI), Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM, U 657, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Paris Ile de France Ouest, Universit\u00e9 Versailles Saint Quentin, EA 4499, 78035 Versailles, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 Fonctionnelle de Sant\u00e9 Publique, H\u00f4pital Raymond Poincar\u00e9, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, France, F\u201392380 Garches, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization","volume":"82","author":"WHO","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol. 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