{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:31:03Z","timestamp":1790418663669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1810","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between developmental genes and phenotypic variation is of central interest in evolutionary biology. An excellent example is the role of<jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>genes in the anteroposterior regionalization of the vertebral column in vertebrates. Archosaurs (crocodiles, dinosaurs including birds) are highly variable both in vertebral morphology and number. Nevertheless, functionally equivalent<jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>genes are active in the axial skeleton during embryonic development, indicating that the morphological variation across taxa is likely owing to modifications in the pattern of<jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>gene expression. By using geometric morphometrics, we demonstrate a correlation between vertebral<jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>code and quantifiable vertebral morphology in modern archosaurs, in which the boundaries between morphological subgroups of vertebrae can be linked to anterior<jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>gene expression boundaries. Our findings reveal homologous units of cervical vertebrae in modern archosaurs, each with their specific<jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic>gene pattern, enabling us to trace these homologies in the extinct sauropodomorph dinosaurs, a group with highly variable vertebral counts. Based on the quantifiable vertebral morphology, this allows us to infer the underlying genetic mechanisms in vertebral evolution in fossils, which represents not only an important case study, but will lead to a better understanding of the origin of morphological disparity in recent archosaur vertebral columns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T08:59:46Z","timestamp":1434531586000},"page":"20150077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Correlation between<i>Hox<\/i>code and vertebral morphology in archosaurs"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"B\u00f6hmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department f\u00fcr Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften und GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, M\u00fcnchen 80333, Deutschland"},{"name":"SNSB - Bayerische Staatssammlung f\u00fcr Pal\u00e4ontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 10, M\u00fcnchen 80333, Deutschland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver W. 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