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We estimated heritabilities, evolvabilities and genetic correlations of relative size of the brain, and its different regions in the three-spined stickleback (\n            <jats:italic>Gasterosteus aculeatus<\/jats:italic>\n            ). We found that heritabilities were low (average\n            <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            = 0.24), suggesting a large plastic component to brain architecture. However, evolvabilities of different brain parts were moderate, suggesting the presence of additive genetic variance to sustain a response to selection in the long term. Genetic correlations among different brain regions were low (average\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub>\n            = 0.40) and significantly less than unity. These results, along with those from analyses of phenotypic and genetic integration, indicate a high degree of independence between different brain regions, suggesting that responses to selection are unlikely to be severely constrained by genetic and phenotypic correlations. Hence, the results give strong support for the mosaic model of brain evolution. However, the genetic correlation between brain and body size was high (\n            <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub>\n            = 0.89), suggesting a constraint for independent evolution of brain and body size in sticklebacks.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.1008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,24]],"date-time":"2015-06-24T09:05:04Z","timestamp":1435136704000},"page":"20151008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Quantitative genetic analysis of brain size variation in sticklebacks: support for the mosaic model of brain evolution"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"282","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Noreikiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Herczeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland"},{"name":"Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter s\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1\/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abig\u00e9l","family":"Gonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"Bal\u00e1zs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny P\u00e9ter s\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1\/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arild","family":"Husby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9614-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha","family":"Meril\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecological Genetics Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","volume-title":"Introduction to quantitative genetics","author":"Falconer DS","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","volume-title":"Genetics and analysis of quantitative traits","author":"Lynch M","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1983.tb00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/04-1209"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120232"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199674237.003.0012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"402","article-title":"Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain: body size allometry","volume":"33","author":"Lande R","year":"1979","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2740904"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","volume-title":"Principles of brain evolution","author":"Striedter GF","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35055547"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5469"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.627"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","first-page":"991","article-title":"Quantitative genetics of organ weight variation in captive baboons","volume":"65","author":"Mahaney MC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. 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