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A number of common tropical diseases such as malaria, hookworm or schistosomiasis have well-documented economic impacts. However, much less is known about the population-level impacts of diseases that are rare but associated with high disability burden, which represent a great number of tropical diseases. Using an individual-based model of Buruli ulcer (BU), we demonstrate that, through feedbacks between health and economic status, such NTDs can have a significant impact on the economic structure of human populations even at low incidence levels. While average wealth is only marginally affected by BU, the economic conditions of certain subpopulations are impacted sufficiently to create changes in measurable population-level inequality. A reduction of the disability burden caused by BU can thus maximize the economic growth of the poorest subpopulations and reduce significantly the economic inequalities introduced by the disease in endemic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.1426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T18:23:12Z","timestamp":1446661392000},"page":"20151426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Economic inequality caused by feedbacks between poverty and the dynamics of a rare tropical disease: the case of Buruli ulcer in sub-Saharan Africa"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6225-5226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Garchitorena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR MIVEGEC 5290 CNRS - IRD - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier I, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Rennes, France"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calistus N.","family":"Ngonghala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Francois","family":"Guegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR MIVEGEC 5290 CNRS - IRD - Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier I, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Texier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, R\u00e9seau International des Instituts Pasteur, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroun."},{"name":"UMR 912 - SESSTIM - INSERM\/IRD\/Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Bellanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Bonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMMISCO, UMI IRD-UPMC 209, Bondy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3349375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000114"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000412"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020141"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0340"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001456"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01002-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","unstructured":"CSDH. 2008 Closing the gap in a generation. 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