{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:54:21Z","timestamp":1790697261733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1822","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]],"date-time":"2016-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452643200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/K001388\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/K001388\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            is the commonest bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infection in humans, and chicken meat is the major source of infection throughout the world. Strict and expensive on-farm biosecurity measures have been largely unsuccessful in controlling infection and are hampered by the time needed to analyse faecal samples, with the result that\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            status is often known only after a flock has been processed. Our data demonstrate an alternative approach that monitors the behaviour of live chickens with cameras and analyses the \u2018optical flow\u2019 patterns made by flock movements.\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            -free chicken flocks have higher mean and lower kurtosis of optical flow than those testing positive for\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            by microbiological methods. We show that by monitoring behaviour in this way, flocks likely to become positive can be identified within the first 7\u201310 days of life, much earlier than conventional on-farm microbiological methods. This early warning has the potential to lead to a more targeted approach to\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            control and also provides new insights into possible sources of infection that could transform the control of this globally important food-borne pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T22:22:06Z","timestamp":1452205326000},"page":"20152323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Monitoring chicken flock behaviour provides early warning of infection by human pathogen\n            <i>Campylobacter<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"283","author":[{"given":"Frances M.","family":"Colles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J.","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. J.","family":"Maiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian Stamp","family":"Dawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2013 Final 2012 data and preliminary 2013 data for 5 major commodity aggregates. See http:\/\/faostat.fao.org\/site\/339\/default.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933911000341"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2011.238386"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000091"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597402"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Analysis of the baseline survey on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler batches and of Campylobacter and Salmonella on broiler carcasses in the EU, 2008\u2014Part A: Campylobacter and Salmonella prevalence estimates","volume":"8","author":"Authority EFS","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","unstructured":"Wearne S. 2013 A refreshed strategy to reduce campylobacteriosis from poultry . London UK: FSA. 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