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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The regulation of population density is suggested to be indirect and occurs with a time-lag effect, as well as being female centred. Herein, we present a quantitative analysis on the precise, timely and male-dominated self-regulation of Chinese alligator (\n            <jats:italic>Alligator sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n            ) populations. Analysis of 31 years of data revealed gender differences in regulation patterns. Population dynamics were restricted by male density rather than population density, and population growth was halted (birth rate = 0) when male density exceeded 83.14 individuals per hectare, until some males were removed, especially adult males. This rapid and accurate response supports the notions of intrinsic mechanisms and population-wide regulation response. Furthermore, density stress affected mating success rather than parental care to juveniles, i.e. females avoided unnecessary reproduction costs, which may represent an evolutionary advantage. Our findings highlighted the importance of further studies on related physiological mechanisms that focus on four characteristics: quantity breeds quality, gender differences, male density thresholds and nonlinearity.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T07:06:07Z","timestamp":1554879967000},"page":"20190191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Male density, a signal for population self-regulation in\n            <i>Alligator sinensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"Lan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-2516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li-Ming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changxing Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve, Changxing 313100, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiu-Hong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Guo","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, State Conservation Center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2011.01702.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0756.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1308322"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(71)90189-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20917"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021-8790.2001.00532.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1067413606030064"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arr066"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053777"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/09-1129.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01083.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2004.00792.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","unstructured":"Gui Z Xing C. 2008 The major threatening factors on approaching extinction population of wild Chinese alligator. In 2008 Int. Conf. BioMedical Engineering and Informatics Sanya China pp. 561-565. New York NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (doi:10.1109\/BMEI.2008.131)"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(01)00128-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","first-page":"18","article-title":"A preliminary study on the feeding density of alligators (in Chinese)","volume":"11","author":"Wang C","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chinese J. Wildl."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ecology and physiology of nesting and early development of the American alligator","volume":"29","author":"Joanen T","year":"1989","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. 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