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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently diverged taxa with contrasting phenotypes offer opportunities for unravelling the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in nature. Horseshoe bats are a speciose group that exhibit a derived form of high-duty cycle echolocation in which the inner ear is finely tuned to echoes of the narrowband call frequency. Here, by focusing on three recently diverged subspecies of the intermediate horseshoe bat (<jats:italic>Rhinolophus affinis<\/jats:italic>) that display divergent echolocation call frequencies, we aim to identify candidate loci putatively involved in hearing frequency variation. We used de novo transcriptome sequencing of two mainland taxa (<jats:italic>himalayanus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>macrurus<\/jats:italic>) and one island taxon (<jats:italic>hainanus<\/jats:italic>) to compare expression profiles of thousands of genes. By comparing taxa with divergent call frequencies (around 15 kHz difference), we identified 252 differentially expressed genes, of which six have been shown to be involved in hearing or deafness in human\/mouse. To obtain further validation of these results, we applied quantitative reverse transcription\u2013PCR to the candidate gene<jats:italic>FBXL15<\/jats:italic>and found a broad association between the level of expression and call frequency across taxa. The genes identified here represent strong candidate loci associated with hearing frequency variation in bats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.0875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T07:07:25Z","timestamp":1599635245000},"page":"20200875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Echolocation call frequency variation in horseshoe bats: molecular basis revealed by comparative transcriptomics"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6933-9342","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haijian","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3129-3662","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-6686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiaying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6919-7695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Libiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3881-4515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Rossiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-7509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiuguang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101011-155732"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04991.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13339"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14432"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14179"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1182213"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13964"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10944"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814995116"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14067"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14890"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13983"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13055"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Obstacle avoidance by flying bats","volume":"78","author":"Griffin DR","year":"1940","journal-title":"Anat. 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