{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:22:18Z","timestamp":1753878138478,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1933","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["1414102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1414102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) via mass drug administration (MDA) has increased considerably over the past decade, but strategies focused exclusively on human treatment show limited efficacy. This paper investigated trade-offs between drug and environmental treatments in the fight against NTDs by using schistosomiasis as a case study. We use optimal control techniques where the planner\u2019s objective is to treat the disease over a time horizon at the lowest possible total cost, where the total costs include treatment, transportation and damages (reduction in human health). We show that combining environmental treatments and drug treatments reduces the dependency on MDAs and that this reduction increases when the planners take a longer-run perspective on the fight to reduce NTDs. Our results suggest that NTDs with environmental reservoirs require moving away from a reliance solely on MDA to integrated treatment involving investment in both drug and environmental controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T07:17:22Z","timestamp":1598426242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cost-effectiveness of combining drug and environmental treatments for environmentally transmitted diseases"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-6992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois M.","family":"Castonguay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5111-9322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susanne H.","family":"Sokolow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA"},{"name":"Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4186-3369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giulio A.","family":"De Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA"},{"name":"Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4863-3136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James N.","family":"Sanchirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002865"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000412"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2012 Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: a roadmap for implementation: executive summary . Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0128"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004794"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2006 Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis. Coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: a manual for health professionals and programme managers . Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis: a current perspective","volume":"2014","author":"Inobaya MT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inobaya MT, Olveda RM, Chau TN, Olveda DU, Ross AG. 2014 Prevention and control of schistosomiasis: a current perspective. Res. Rep. Trop. Med. 2014, 65. (doi:10.2147\/rrtm.s44274).","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Trop. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001321"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001326"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00047-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","first-page":"E585","article-title":"Impact and cost-effectiveness of snail control to achieve disease control targets for schistosomiasis","volume":"114","author":"Lo NC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lo NC, Gurarie D, Yoon N, Coulibaly JT, Bendavid E, Andrews JR, King CH. 2018 Impact and cost-effectiveness of snail control to achieve disease control targets for schistosomiasis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, E585-E591. (doi:10.1073\/pnas.1708729114)","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012396"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000430"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andres L Borja-Vega C Fenwick C de Jesus Filho J Gomez-Suarez R 2018 Overview and meta-analysis of global water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) impact evaluations . Washington DC: World Bank.","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-8444"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004290"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502651112"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2015.12.983"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.4372"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Optimal control analysis of malaria-schistosomiasis co-infection dynamics","volume":"14","author":"Okosun KO","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okosun KO et al. 2016 Optimal control analysis of malaria-schistosomiasis co-infection dynamics. Math. Biosci. Eng. 14, 377.","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00178324"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099005156"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(80)90240-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000051982"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0614","article-title":"Divergent effects of Schistosoma haematobium exposure on intermediate-host snail species Bulinus nasutus and Bulinus globosus from coastal Kenya","volume":"96","author":"Kariuki HC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kariuki HC, Ivy JA, Muchiri EM, Sutherland LJ, King CH. 2017 Divergent effects of Schistosoma haematobium exposure on intermediate-host snail species Bulinus nasutus and Bulinus globosus from coastal Kenya. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 96, 850-855. (doi:10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0614)","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2403567"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency. 2018 The world factbook 2018 . Washington DC: Central Intelligence Agency. See https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/index.html (accessed 10 November 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00047-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90220-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-84"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0262.2004.00481.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1993.11812810"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","first-page":"567","article-title":"The effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on the productivity of cane cutters on a sugar estate in Tanzania","volume":"47","author":"Fenwick A","year":"1972","unstructured":"Fenwick A, Figenschou B. 1972 The effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection on the productivity of cane cutters on a sugar estate in Tanzania. Bull. World Health Organ. 47, 567.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2002.8.2-3.354"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/450967"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1681-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0301-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2525821"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10640-010-9410-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Bioeconomics of managed relocation","volume":"3","author":"Kling DM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kling DM, Sanchirico JN, Wilen JE. 2016 Bioeconomics of managed relocation. J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ. 3, 1023-1059.","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Environ. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"The spatial-dynamic benefits from cooperative disease control in a perennial crop","volume":"42","author":"Fuller KB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fuller KB, Sanchirico JN, Alston JM. 2017 The spatial-dynamic benefits from cooperative disease control in a perennial crop. J. Agric. Resour. Econ. 42, 127-145.","journal-title":"J. Agric. Resour. Econ."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0402"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(82)90064-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.2000.1924"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0988-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 1961 Molluscicides: second report of the Expert Committee on Bilharziasis . Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","first-page":"681","article-title":"Molluscicides in schistosomiasis control","volume":"58","author":"McCullough F","year":"1980","unstructured":"McCullough F, Gayral P, Duncan J, Christie J. 1980 Molluscicides in schistosomiasis control. Bull. World Health Organ. 58, 681.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2017 F ield use of molluscicides in schistosomiasis control programmes: an operational manual for programme managers . Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1609889113"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0342"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002346"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T15:02:08Z","timestamp":1723474928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1933","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2020.0966","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8452","1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0962-8452"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2954"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20200966"}}