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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Hyoliths (hyolithids and orthothecids) were one of the most successful early biomineralizing lophotrochozoans and were a key component of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna. However, the morphology, skeletogenesis and anatomy of earliest members of this enigmatic clade, as well as its relationship with other lophotrochozoan phyla remain contentious. Here, we present a new orthothecid,\n            <jats:italic>Longxiantheca mira<\/jats:italic>\n            gen. et sp. nov. preserved as part of secondarily phosphatized small shelly fossil assemblage from the lower Cambrian Xinji Formation of North China.\n            <jats:italic>Longxiantheca mira<\/jats:italic>\n            retains some ancestral traits of the clade with an undifferentiated disc-shaped operculum, a simple conical conch with apical septa and a two-layered microstructure of aragonitic fibrous bundles. The operculum interior exhibits impressions of soft tissues, including muscle attachment scars, mantle epithelial cells and a central kidney-shaped platform interpreted as a support structure in association with its presumptive feeding apparatus. The muscular system in orthothecids appears to be similar to that in hyolithids, suggesting a consistent anatomical configuration among the total group of hyoliths. The new finding of shell secreting cells demonstrates a mantle regulating the mode of growth for the operculum. Investigations of shell microstructures support the placement of hyoliths as total group molluscs with an unsettled position within the phylum Mollusca.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.1467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T07:05:37Z","timestamp":1597820737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["New insight into the soft anatomy and shell microstructures of early Cambrian orthothecids (Hyolitha)"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"287","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-1000","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian B.","family":"Skovsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-3452","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hao","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa J.","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2013.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"521","article-title":"On the systematic position of the Hyolitha (Kingdom Animalia)","volume":"34","author":"Malinky JM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malinky JM, Yochelson EL. 2007 On the systematic position of the Hyolitha (Kingdom Animalia). 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