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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary restriction (DR) improves survival across a wide range of taxa yet remains poorly understood. The key unresolved question is whether this evolutionarily conserved response to temporary lack of food is adaptive. Recent work suggests that early-life DR reduces survival and reproduction when nutrients subsequently become plentiful, thereby challenging adaptive explanations. A new hypothesis maintains that increased survival under DR results from reduced costs of overfeeding. We tested the adaptive value of DR response in an outbred population of<jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>fruit flies. We found that DR females did not suffer from reduced survival upon subsequent re-feeding and had increased reproduction and mating success compared to their continuously fully fed (FF) counterparts. The increase in post-DR reproductive performance was of sufficient magnitude that females experiencing early-life DR had the same total fecundity as continuously FF individuals. Our results suggest that the DR response is adaptive and increases fitness when temporary food shortages cease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.1787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T08:09:11Z","timestamp":1637741351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fitness benefits of dietary restriction"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"288","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3224-8812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zahida","family":"Sultanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-0443","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edward R.","family":"Ivimey-Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-8120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tracey","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-1203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexei A.","family":"Maklakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.061206.171059"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2012.00798.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14063"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201300165"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13418"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly070"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12378-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2000.tb00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199568765.003.0011","volume-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying life history evolution","author":"Edward DA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Edward DA, Chapman T. 2011 Mechanisms underlying reproductive trade-offs: Costs of reproduction. 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