{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:27:44Z","timestamp":1792204064870,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1976","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["428800869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["428800869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Extra-pair paternity is common among socially monogamous birds, but whether females benefit from having extra-pair copulations remains unresolved. In this study, I staged single extra-pair copulations in captive pairs of socially monogamous Japanese quail (\n                    <jats:italic>Coturnix japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and used extra-pair males of a different colour to identify extra-pair fertilizations. This eliminated among-female variation in extra-pair copulations as a source of variation in extra-pair fertilizations and tested whether a single extra-pair copulation would insure against infertility of the social male. Overall, the probability of extra-pair fertilization was 0.46 for the first egg that was fertilized after extra-pair copulation, but this rapidly declined over consecutive eggs in the laying sequence. However, a single extra-pair copulation was effective in ensuring fertilization of the majority of a typical clutch in the few cases where the social male was completely infertile. Hence, my results show that variation in extra-pair paternity can be independent from variation in extra-pair copulation behaviour and that a single, strategically timed, extra-pair copulation can largely insure against social male infertility. Among-female variation in extra-pair fertilizations, and their declining probability over the laying sequence, as typical for many bird species, can thus, in principle, be parsimoniously explained by a uniform female fertility insurance strategy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.0261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T03:06:20Z","timestamp":1654052780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Experimental extra-pair copulations provide proof of concept for fertility insurance in a socially monogamous bird"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"289","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-8568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Vedder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15259"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-019-1493-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0006323199005423"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15273"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Why do females engage in extra-pair copulations? 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