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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Air pollutants\u2014such as nitrogen oxides, emitted in diesel exhaust, and ozone (O\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            )\u2014disrupt interactions between plants, the insect herbivore pests that feed upon them and natural enemies of those herbivores (e.g. parasitoids). Using eight field-based rings that emit regulated quantities of diesel exhaust and O\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            , we investigated how both pollutants, individually and in combination, altered the attraction and parasitism rate of a specialist parasitoid (\n            <jats:italic>Diaeretiella rapae<\/jats:italic>\n            ) on aphid-infested and un-infested\n            <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n            plants. Individual effects of O\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            decreased\n            <jats:italic>D. rapae<\/jats:italic>\n            abundance and emergence by 37% and 55%, respectively, compared with ambient (control) conditions. When O\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n            and diesel exhaust were emitted concomitantly,\n            <jats:italic>D. rapae<\/jats:italic>\n            abundance and emergence increased by 79% and 181%, respectively, relative to control conditions. This attraction response occurred regardless of whether plants were infested with aphids and was associated with an increase in the concentration of aliphatic glucosinolates, especially gluconapin (3-butenyl-glucosinolate), within\n            <jats:italic>B. napus<\/jats:italic>\n            leaves. Plant defensive responses and their ability to attract natural aphid enemies may be beneficially impacted by pollution exposure. These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating multiple air pollutants when considering the effects of air pollution on plant\u2013insect interactions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.1692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T14:31:11Z","timestamp":1668004271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Concurrent anthropogenic air pollutants enhance recruitment of a specialist parasitoid"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"289","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-3605","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James M. 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