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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The molecular regulation of sleep in avian migrants is still obscure. We thus investigated this in migratory redheaded buntings, where four life-history states (LHS; i.e. non-migratory, pre-migratory, migratory and refractory states) were induced. There was increased night-time activity (i.e.\n            <jats:italic>Zugunruhe<\/jats:italic>\n            ) during the migratory state with reduced daytime activity. The recordings of the sleep\u2013wake cycle in buntings showed increased night-time active wakefulness coupled with drastically reduced front and back sleep during migratory phase. Interestingly, we found the buntings to feed and drink even after lights-off during migration. Gene expression studies revealed increased hypothalamic expression of glucocorticoid receptor (\n            <jats:italic>nr3c1<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (\n            <jats:italic>il1b<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>il6<\/jats:italic>\n            ) in pre-migratory and migratory states, respectively, whereas in brainstem Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            \/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (\n            <jats:italic>camk2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) was upregulated during the migratory state. This suggested a heightened pro-inflammatory state during migration which is a feature of chronic sleep loss, and a possible role of Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            signalling in promoting wakefulness. In both the hypothalamus and brainstem, the expression of melatonin receptors (\n            <jats:italic>mel1a<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>mel1b<\/jats:italic>\n            ) was increased in the pre-migratory state, and growth hormone-releasing hormone (\n            <jats:italic>ghrh<\/jats:italic>\n            , known to induce sleep) was reduced during the migratory state. The current results demonstrate key molecules involved in the regulation of sleep\u2013wake cycle across LHS in migratory songbirds.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:06:06Z","timestamp":1675814766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Photoperiod-driven concurrent changes in hypothalamic and brainstem transcription of sleep and immune genes in migratory redheaded bunting"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayantan","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupama","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-7405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ancient DNA Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8909-2295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6642-0417","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shalie","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","first-page":"r994","article-title":"sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1)","volume":"246","author":"Krueger JM","year":"1984","unstructured":"Krueger JM, Walter J, Dinarello CA, Wolff SM, Chedid L. 1984 sleep-promoting effects of endogenous pyrogen (interleukin-1). 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