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Here, we review published literature concerning this syndrome and the NCC hypothesis, together with recent critiques of both. We synthesize these contributions and propose a novel interpretation, arguing shared trait changes under ancient domestication resulted primarily from shared disruption of wild reproductive regimes. We detail four primary selective pathways for \u2018reproductive disruption' under domestication and contrast these succinct and demonstrable mechanisms with cryptic genetic associations posited by the NCC hypothesis. In support of our perspective, we illustrate numerous important ways in which NCCs contribute to vertebrate reproductive phenotypes, and argue it is not surprising that features derived from these cells would be coincidentally altered under major selective regime changes, as occur in domestication. We then illustrate several pertinent examples of Darwin's \u2018unconscious selection' in action, and compare applied selection and phenotypic responses in each case. Lastly, we explore the ramifications of reproductive disruption for wider evolutionary discourse, including links to wild \u2018self-domestication' and \u2018island effect\u2019, and discuss outstanding questions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]],"date-time":"2023-03-22T08:06:16Z","timestamp":1679472376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Shared reproductive disruption, not neural crest or tameness, explains the domestication syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6911-6202","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben Thomas","family":"Gleeson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3779-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A. 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