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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Musculoskeletal pain is the most debilitating human health condition. Neurophysiological pain mechanisms are highly conserved and promote somatic maintenance and learning to avoid future harm. However, some chronic pain might be more common owing to mismatches between modern lifestyles and traits that originally evolved under distinct premodern conditions. To inform assumptions about factors affecting chronic pain vulnerability prior to industrialization, we assess pain prevalence, perceived causes, and predictors among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists. Habitual subsistence work is the primary reported cause of pain throughout life for both sexes, and pain is more common with age, especially in the back, and for those with more musculoskeletal problems. Sex differences in pain are relatively weak, and we find no association between women's reproductive history and pain, contrary to the hypothesis that reproduction causes women's greater pain susceptibility. Age-standardized current pain prevalence is 1.7\u20138.2 times higher for Tsimane than other select populations, and Tsimane chronic pain prevalence is within the range of variation observed elsewhere. Chronic low back pain is not a \u2018mismatch disease\u2019 limited to post-industrialized populations. Hominin musculoskeletal changes supporting bipedalism probably imposed health costs, which, after millions of years of evolution, remain an epidemiological burden that may be exacerbated by modern conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2022.2497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T07:35:05Z","timestamp":1683704105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Labour's pain: strenuous subsistence work, mechanical wear-and-tear and musculoskeletal pain in a non-industrialized population"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-9643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Stieglitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Universit\u00e9 Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse 31080, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoann","family":"Buoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-3155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bret","family":"Beheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-0628","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Trumble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA"},{"name":"School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillard","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5661-527X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Gurven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.02.175"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304747"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.336.6084.974"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","volume-title":"The story of the human body: evolution, health, and disease","author":"Lieberman D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lieberman D. 2013 The story of the human body: evolution, health, and disease. 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