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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many social insects display age polyethism: young workers stay inside the nest, and only older workers forage. This behavioural transition is accompanied by genetic and physiological changes, but the mechanistic origin of it remains unclear. To investigate if the mechanical demands on the musculoskeletal system effectively prevent young workers from foraging, we studied the biomechanical development of the bite apparatus in\n                    <jats:italic>Atta vollenweideri<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf-cutter ants. Fully matured foragers generated peak\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    bite forces of around 100 mN, more than one order of magnitude in excess of those measured for freshly eclosed callows of the same size. This change in bite force was accompanied by a sixfold increase in the volume of the mandible closer muscle, and by a substantial increase of the flexural rigidity of the head capsule, driven by a significant increase in both average thickness and indentation modulus of the head capsule cuticle. Consequently, callows lack the muscle force capacity required for leaf-cutting, and their head capsule is so compliant that large muscle forces would be likely to cause damaging deformations. On the basis of these results, we speculate that continued biomechanical development post eclosion may be a key factor underlying age polyethism, wherever foraging is associated with substantial mechanical demands.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.0355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T03:05:49Z","timestamp":1686711949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Developmental biomechanics and age polyethism in leaf-cutter ants"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3917-0942","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frederik","family":"P\u00fcffel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nature and Engineering, City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Imirzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Roces","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1952-8732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Labonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","volume-title":"Success and dominance in ecosystems: the case of the social insects","author":"Wilson E","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wilson E. 1990 Success and dominance in ecosystems: the case of the social insects. 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