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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are vector-borne zoonotic pathogens commonly found co-circulating in\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. The restricted distribution and lower prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been historically attributed to lower host-to-tick transmission efficiency and limited host ranges. We hypothesized that prevalence patterns are driven by coinfection dynamics and vertical transmission. We use a multi-year, multiple location, longitudinal dataset with mathematical modelling to elucidate coinfection dynamics between\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    in natural populations of\n                    <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the most competent reservoir host for both pathogens in the eastern USA. Our analyses indicate that, in the absence of vertical transmission,\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    is viable at lower tick numbers than\n                    <jats:italic>Bm.<\/jats:italic>\n                    However, with vertical transmission,\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    is viable at lower tick numbers than\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Vertical transmission has a particularly strong effect on\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence early in the active season while coinfection has an increasing role during the nymphal peak. Our analyses indicate that coinfection processes, such as facilitation of\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>\n                    , have relatively little influence on the persistence of either parasite. We suggest future work examines the sensitivity of\n                    <jats:italic>Bm<\/jats:italic>\n                    vertical transmission and other key processes to local environmental conditions to inform surveillance and control of tick-borne pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.0642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T05:40:37Z","timestamp":1687758037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ecological interactions driving population dynamics of two tick-borne pathogens,\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Babesia microti<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8084-7556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Tufts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"name":"Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-5361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ben","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-3050","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Diuk-Wasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","volume-title":"Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control","author":"Anderson RM","year":"1992","unstructured":"Anderson RM, May RM. 1992 Infectious diseases of humans: dynamics and control. 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