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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Small numbers of fetal cells cross the placenta during pregnancy turning mothers into microchimeras. Fetal cells from all previous pregnancies accumulate forming the mother\u2019s fetal microchiome. What is significant about microchimeric cells is that they have been linked to health problems including reproductive and autoimmune diseases. Three decades after the discovery of fetal microchimerism, the function of these cells remains a mystery. Here, we contend that the role of microchimeric cells is to inform the fetus about the likelihood that its genes are present in future pregnancies. We argue that, when genes are more likely than average to be in future maternal siblings, fetuses will send a fixed number of cells that will not elicit a maternal immune response against them. However, when genes are less likely to be in future maternal siblings, fetuses will send an ever-increasing number of cells that will elicit an ever-stronger maternal immune response. Our work can explain the observed clinical association between microchimeric cells and pre-eclampsia. However, our work predicts that this association should be stronger in women with a genetically diverse microchiome. If supported by medical tests, our work would allow establishing the likelihood of pregnancy or autoimmune problems advising medical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T03:06:25Z","timestamp":1692759985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microchimerism as a source of information on future pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-7024","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisco","family":"\u00dabeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7821-7304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geoff","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.4082"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201500059"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.08.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.9.1301"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.2.705"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024101"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103721"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1318.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.068973"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.145"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X19884484"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","first-page":"669","article-title":"Disturbed feto-maternal cell traffic in preeclampsia","volume":"91","author":"Holzgreve W","year":"1998","unstructured":"Holzgreve W, Ghezzi F, Edoardo Di Naro MD, Maymon E. 1998 Disturbed feto-maternal cell traffic in preeclampsia. 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