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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diving animals must sustain high activity with limited O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    stores to successfully capture prey. Studies suggest that increasing body O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    stores supports breath-hold diving, but less is known about metabolic specializations that underlie underwater locomotion. We measured maximal activities of 10 key enzymes in locomotory muscles (gastrocnemius and pectoralis) to identify biochemical changes associated with diving in pathways of oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation and compared them across three groups of ducks\u2014the longest diving sea ducks (eight spp.), the mid-tier diving pochards (three spp.) and the non-diving dabblers (five spp.). Relative to dabblers, both diving groups had increased activities of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase, and sea ducks further showed increases in citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD). Both diving groups had relative decreases in capacity for anaerobic metabolism (lower ratio of lactate dehydrogenase to CS), with sea ducks also showing a greater capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and lipid oxidation (lower ratio of pyruvate kinase to CS, higher ratio of HOAD to hexokinase). These data suggest that the locomotory muscles of diving ducks are specialized for sustaining high rates of aerobic metabolism, emphasizing the importance of body O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    stores for dive performance in these species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T03:05:30Z","timestamp":1695783930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Consistent changes in muscle metabolism underlie dive performance across multiple lineages of diving ducks"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-7353","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Schell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin G.","family":"McCracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"},{"name":"Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA"},{"name":"Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4225-7475","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Graham R.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeff","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-8821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philip","family":"Lavretsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5389-8692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neal J.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health &amp; Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.011221"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691568"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.56.2.30156056"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.031252"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.202.3.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.60.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(70)90076-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.033761"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017166"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1247"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.233684"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/p.215141"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2009.00622.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184529"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/106351599259979"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"The deep diving of the loon and old-squaw and its mechanism","volume":"59","author":"Schorger AW","year":"1947","unstructured":"Schorger AW. 1947 The deep diving of the loon and old-squaw and its mechanism. 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