{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T11:13:20Z","timestamp":1789902800876,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2011","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["09583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09583"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NERC","award":["NE\/H528442\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/H528442\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE\/G006830\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/G006830\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE\/G007349\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/G007349\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vector-borne pathogens, many of which cause major suffering worldwide, often circulate in diverse wildlife communities comprising multiple reservoir host and\/or vector species. However, the complexities of these systems make it challenging to determine the contributions these different species make to transmission. We experimentally manipulated transmission within a natural multihost\u2013multipathogen\u2013multivector system, by blocking flea-borne pathogen transmission from either of two co-occurring host species (bank voles and wood mice). Through genetic analysis of the resulting infections in the hosts and vectors, we show that both host species likely act together to maintain the overall flea community, but cross-species pathogen transmission is relatively rare\u2014most pathogens were predominantly found in only one host species, and there were few cases where targeted treatment affected pathogens in the other host species. However, we do provide experimental evidence of some reservoir\u2013spillover dynamics whereby reductions of some infections in one host species are achieved by blocking transmission from the other host species. Overall, despite the apparent complexity of such systems, we show there can be \u2018covert simplicity\u2019, whereby pathogen transmission is primarily dominated by single host species, potentially facilitating the targeting of key hosts for control, even in diverse ecological communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T03:05:46Z","timestamp":1700017546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental assessment of cross-species transmission in a natural multihost\u2013multivector\u2013multipathogen community"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"290","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7676-917X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andy","family":"Fenton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Withenshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-8854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Godefroy","family":"Devevey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9726-9502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diana","family":"Erazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"},{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1385-1360","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy B.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050306"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/683173"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.010317"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259504"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0085"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.120919"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040082"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2947"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/710005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.2614"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.111392"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1159"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3575"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1208"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0525"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0122"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015001183"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0276"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107387"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.0598"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00009784"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(90)90105-V"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2005.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2656.2003.00705.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1970.tb02898.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3543393"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1967.tb01653.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150490468701"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0672"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3564871"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Distribution and population dynamics of bank voles and wood mice in a patchy woodland habitat in central Belgium","volume":"173","author":"Geuse P","year":"1985","unstructured":"Geuse P, Bachau V, Le Bouleng\u00e9 E. 1985 Distribution and population dynamics of bank voles and wood mice in a patchy woodland habitat in central Belgium. Acta Zool. Fenn. 173, 65-68.","journal-title":"Acta Zool. Fenn."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2709"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.1998.00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0870"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.044826-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12568"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1004.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880100526X"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001001019"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068956"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.1.152"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_47_2","volume-title":"Fipronil technical fact sheet","author":"Jackson D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson D, Cornell CB, Luukinen B, Buhl K, Stone D. 2009 Fipronil technical fact sheet. Corvallis, OR: National Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385926-6.00050-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008575"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515389"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_52_2","unstructured":"Lenth R. 2023 emmeans: Estimated marginal means aka least-squares means. R package version 1.8.5. See https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_54_2","volume-title":"The ecology of ectoparasitic insects","author":"Marshall AG","year":"1981","unstructured":"Marshall AG. 1981 The ecology of ectoparasitic insects. London, UK: Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542688"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.268"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0226"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02298-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenton A Withenshaw SM Devevey G Morris A Erazo D Pedersen AB. 2023 Data from: Experimental assessment of cross-species transmission in a natural multihost\u2013multivector\u2013multipathogen community. Dryad Digital Repository. (doi:10.5061\/dryad.zpc866tdx)","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenton A Withenshaw SM Devevey G Morris A Erazo D Pedersen AB. 2023 Experimental assessment of cross-species transmission in a natural multihost-multivector-multipathogen community. Figshare. (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.6914089)","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:42:37Z","timestamp":1704775357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2011","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.1900","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2023.1900\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0962-8452","1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20231900"}}