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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The order Chiroptera (bats) is the second largest group of mammals. One of the essential adaptations that have allowed bats to dominate the night skies is laryngeal echolocation, where bats emit ultrasonic pulses and listen to the returned echo to produce high-resolution \u2018images\u2019 of their surroundings. There are two possible scenarios for the evolutionary origin of laryngeal echolocation in bats: (1) a single origin in a common ancestor followed by the secondary loss in Pteropodidae, or (2) two convergent origins in Rhinolophoidea and Yangochiroptera. Although data from palaeontological, anatomical, developmental and genomic studies of auditory apparatuses exist, they remain inconclusive concerning the evolutionary origin of bat laryngeal echolocation. Here we compared musculoskeletal morphogenesis of the larynx in several chiropteran lineages and found distinct laryngeal modifications in two echolocating lineages, rhinolophoids and yangochiropterans. Our findings support the second scenario that rhinolophoids and yangochiropterans convergently evolved advanced laryngeal echolocation through anatomical modifications of the larynx for ultrasonic sound generation and refinement of the auditory apparatuses for more detailed sound perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.2196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T19:06:05Z","timestamp":1706641565000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Musculoskeletal morphogenesis supports the convergent evolution of bat laryngeal echolocation"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8293-9620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaoru","family":"Usui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eraqi R.","family":"Khannoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, PO Box 30002, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-5170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Tokita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","volume-title":"Bats: a world of science and mystery","author":"Fenton MB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fenton MB, Simmons NB. 2014 Bats: a world of science and mystery. 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