{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:37:18Z","timestamp":1775918238871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2015","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BC Knowledge Development Fund","award":["264PRO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["264PRO"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Center for Blood Research Transition"},{"name":"L'Oreal For Women in Science Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Evidence for a trade-off between reproduction and immunity has manifested in many animal species, including social insects. However, investigations in social insect queens present a conundrum: new gynes of many social hymenopterans, such as bumble bees and ants, must first mate, then transition from being solitary to social as they establish their nests, thus experiencing confounding shifts in environmental conditions. Worker bumble bees offer an opportunity to investigate patterns of immune protein expression associated with ovary activation while minimizing extraneous environmental factors and genetic differences. Here, we use proteomics to interrogate the patterns of immune protein expression of female bumble bees (\n            <jats:italic>Bombus impatiens<\/jats:italic>\n            ) by (i) sampling queens at different stages of their life cycle, then (ii) by sampling workers with different degrees of ovary activation. Patterns of immune protein expression in the haemolymph of queens are consistent with a reproduction\u2013immunity trade-off, but equivalent samples from workers are not. This brings into question whether queen bumble bees really experience a reproduction\u2013immunity trade-off, or if patterns of immune protein expression may actually be due to the selective pressure of the different environmental conditions they are exposed to during their life cycle.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T08:55:42Z","timestamp":1706086542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Investigating trade-offs between ovary activation and immune protein expression in bumble bee (\n            <i>Bombus impatiens<\/i>\n            ) workers and queens"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3523-6649","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alison","family":"McAfee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4"},{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4574-6709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8601-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Tarpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8551-4817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard J.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/282461"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010715-023924"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.02018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04698"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2009.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.0394"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2012.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3032.1998.233090.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24334-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2002.970307.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2011.01714.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-8-76"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12364"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arq139"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12071"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2018.2248"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0737"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.155994.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1070"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2007.06088.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/g04-050"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.0380"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2016.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01586-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2008.01664.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74456-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2409"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701909104"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104461118"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aiip.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/415930"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Advances in insect physiology","author":"Amsalem E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amsalem E, Grozinger CM, Padilla M, Hefetz A. 2015 The physiological and genomic bases of bumble bee social behaviour. In Advances in insect physiology, vol. 48 (eds A Zayed, CL Kent), pp. 37-93. London, UK: Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00040-003-0692-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5494.1166"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6314-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/ict004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13962"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.7736"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0333979100"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1910(96)00106-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74490-7_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00040-002-8297-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-011-1244-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2008.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac026117i"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0638-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.2c00145"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_53_2","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team.","year":"2021","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2021 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_54_2","unstructured":"Hartig F. 2022 DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level\/Mixed) Regression Models. R package version 0.4.6. See https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=DHARMa."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_55_2","volume-title":"Ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"Villanueva RAM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villanueva RAM, Chen ZJ. 2019 Ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAfee A Chapman A Bao G Tarpy DR Foster LJ. 2024 Investigating trade-offs between ovary activation and immune protein expression in bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) workers and queens. Figshare. (doi:10.6084\/m9.figshare.c.7021299)","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.27.564231"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T08:55:57Z","timestamp":1706086557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2015","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2023.2463","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-8452","1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-8452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20232463"}}