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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change, pushing animals beyond physiological limits. While most studies focus on survival limits, sublethal effects on fertility tend to occur below lethal thresholds, and consequently can be as important for population viability. Typically, male fertility is more heat-sensitive than female fertility, yet direct comparisons are limited. Here, we measured the effect of experimental heatwaves on tsetse flies,<jats:italic>Glossina pallidipes<\/jats:italic>, disease vectors and unusual live-bearing insects of sub-Saharan Africa. We exposed males or females to a 3-day heatwave peaking at 36, 38 or 40\u00b0C for 2 h, and a 25\u00b0C control, monitoring mortality and reproduction over six weeks. For a heatwave peaking at 40\u00b0C, mortality was 100%, while a 38\u00b0C peak resulted in only 8% acute mortality. Females exposed to the 38\u00b0C heatwave experienced a one-week delay in producing offspring, whereas no such delay occurred in males. Over six weeks, heatwaves resulted in equivalent fertility loss in both sexes. Combined with mortality, this lead to a 10% population decline over six weeks compared to the control. Furthermore, parental heatwave exposure gave rise to a female-biased offspring sex ratio. Ultimately, thermal limits of both survival and fertility should be considered when assessing climate change vulnerability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.2710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T00:06:23Z","timestamp":1710288383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Heatwaves are detrimental to fertility in the viviparous tsetse fly"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-0556","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hester","family":"Weaving","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-9405","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John S.","family":"Terblanche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Ecology &amp; Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2898-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinead","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JD022098"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2468"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098704"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2012GL053361"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icw005"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00040.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316145111"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2019.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1385"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","unstructured":"Welbergen JA Booth C Martin J. 2014 Killer climate: tens of thousands of flying foxes dead in a day. 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