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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cooperation is widespread and arguably a pivotal evolutionary force in maintaining animal societies. Yet, proximately, what underlying motivators drive individuals to cooperate remains relatively unclear. Since \u2018free-riders\u2019 can exploit the benefits by cheating, selecting the right partner is paramount. Such decision rules need not be based on complex calculations and can be driven by cognitively less-demanding mechanisms, like social relationships (e.g. kinship, non-kin friendships, dyadic tolerance), social status (e.g. dominance hierarchies) and personalities (social and non-social traits); however, holistic evidence related to those mechanisms is scarce. Using the classical \u2018loose-string paradigm\u2019, we tested cooperative tendencies of a hierarchical primate, the long-tailed macaque (\n                    <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). We studied three groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 21) in their social settings, allowing partner choice. We supplemented cooperation with observational and experimental data on social relationships, dominance hierarchies and personality. Friendship and dissimilarities in non-social \u2018exploration\u2019 and \u2018activity\u2013sociability\u2019 personality traits predicted the likelihood of cooperative dyad formation. Furthermore, the magnitude of cooperative success was positively associated with friendship, low rank-distance and dissimilarity in the activity\u2013sociability trait. Kinship did not affect cooperation. While some findings align with prior studies, the evidence of (non-social) personality heterophily promoting cooperation may deepen our understanding of the proximate mechanisms and, broadly, the evolution of cooperation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.2730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T20:05:36Z","timestamp":1711483536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Personality heterophily and friendship as drivers for successful cooperation"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4555-7983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debottam","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Waasdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4948-6369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esmee","family":"Middelburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth H.M.","family":"Sterck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Behaviour and Cognition, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1630-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorg J. 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