{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:41:17Z","timestamp":1790275277384,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2027","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019541","name":"Amsterdam Brain and Cognition","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Berlin Institute for Advanced Studies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Darwin proposed that blushing\u2014the reddening of the face owing to heightened self-awareness\u2014is \u2018the most human of all expressions\u2019. Yet, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms of blushing. Theories diverge on whether it is a rapid, spontaneous emotional response that does not involve reflection upon the self or whether it results from higher-order socio-cognitive processes. Investigating the neural substrates of blushing can shed light on the mental processes underlying blushing and the mechanisms involved in self-awareness. To reveal neural activity associated with blushing, 16\u201320 year-old participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 40) watched pre-recorded videos of themselves (versus other people as a control condition) singing karaoke in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We measured participants\u2019 cheek temperature increase\u2014an indicator of blushing\u2014and their brain activity. The results showed that blushing is higher when watching oneself versus others sing. Those who blushed more while watching themselves sing had, on average, higher activation in the cerebellum (lobule V) and the left paracentral lobe and exhibited more time-locked processing of the videos in early visual cortices. These findings show that blushing is associated with the activation of brain areas involved in emotional arousal, suggesting that it may occur independently of higher-order socio-cognitive processes. Our results provide new avenues for future research on self-awareness in infants and non-human animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2024.0958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T19:05:38Z","timestamp":1721156738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The blushing brain: neural substrates of cheek temperature increase in response to self-observation"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7898-6012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Milica","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"di Plinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, D'Annunzio University of Chieti\u2013Pescara, Pescara 66100, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Disa","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Keysers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, KNAW, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Gazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, KNAW, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139012850.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.3.446"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10001-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/1993\/347841"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571183.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-5914.00146"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139012850.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2004.00151.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-046616-3.00022-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-022-05179-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00191-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198855903.013.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00587-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","volume-title":"Self-consciousness and social anxiety","author":"Buss AH","year":"1980","unstructured":"Buss AH. 1980 Self-consciousness and social anxiety. 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