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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The severe greenhouse climate and seasonality of the early to mid-Late Triassic are thought to have limited terrestrial diversity at lower latitudes, but direct adaptations to these harsh conditions remain limited in vertebrates at the palaeoequator. Here, we present<jats:italic>Ninumbeehan dookoodukah<\/jats:italic>gen. et sp. nov., an early amphibian with specialized adaptations for seasonal estivation from the upper Jelm Formation of the Late Triassic of Wyoming, USA.<jats:italic>Ninumbeehan<\/jats:italic>are found in an association of vertebrate estivation burrows across a locally dense horizon, offering insights into the evolution and ecology of vertebrates amid the challenging conditions of low-latitude Late Triassic ecosystems. Estivation chambers were excavated within point bar deposits of an ephemeral river system, recording the cyclical signature of Triassic megamonsoons and documenting a vertebrate response to annual climate extremes across tens to hundreds of seasons. Phylogenetic analysis recovers<jats:italic>Ninumbeehan<\/jats:italic>within a group of temnospondyls characterized by fossorial adaptation, underscoring the widespread adoption of burrowing and estivation in total group Lissamphibia.<jats:italic>Ninumbeehan<\/jats:italic>hints at the pivotal role seasonal dynamics played in shaping amphibian evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2024.1041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T00:07:06Z","timestamp":1730246826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fossil amphibian offers insights into the interplay between monsoons and amphibian evolution in palaeoequatorial Late Triassic systems"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-4902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Calvin","family":"So","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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