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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many everyday empathetic experiences arise within our social interactions and depend significantly on interpersonal closeness. However, the interbrain processes underlying social-oriented empathy by interpersonal closeness remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a dyadic social judgement task with dyads of friends and strangers, where targets received social evaluative feedback and empathizers observed the scenario in different experimental trials. Results showed that dyads of friends exhibited greater affect sharing than strangers when witnessing their partners being accepted or rejected. This was supported by the more pronounced event-related potential similarity in friends during the 340\u2212840 ms post-feedback window, mediating the link between interpersonal closeness and affect sharing. Furthermore, witnessing emotional feedback elicited greater interbrain neural synchronization of brain \u03b1-oscillation between the empathizer\u2019s left prefrontal cortex and the target\u2019s left temporoparietal junction in dyads of friends compared with those of strangers. This empathy-related synchronization was associated with mutual affect sharing within dyads of friends but not within dyads of strangers. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of empathy to interpersonal closeness, which links to sustained attention and detailed evaluation in social scenarios, along with functional communication between brain regions for mentalizing and emotional regulation. These insights have therapeutic potential for improving social functioning and relationship satisfaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2024.1326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T23:05:36Z","timestamp":1728428736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Brains in sync, friends in empathy: interbrain neural mechanisms underlying the impact of interpersonal closeness on mutual empathy"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Chennan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department for Cognition, Emotion and Behavior, Institute of Psychology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4600-0036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073914558466"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093535"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2418-09.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797621995202"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902666106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102955"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089134"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407517746518"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000666"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125871"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2020.103175"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2011.557245"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40167-014-0023-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01151"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00039"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","first-page":"48","article-title":"From social behaviour to brain synchronization: review and perspectives in hyperscanning","volume":"32","author":"Dumas G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dumas G, Lachat F, Martinerie J, Nadel J, George N. 2011 From social behaviour to brain synchronization: review and perspectives in hyperscanning. 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