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R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The evolution of limb reduction in squamates is a classic example of convergence, but the skeletal morphological patterns associated with it are underexplored. To provide insights on the biomechanical and developmental consequences of transitions to limb reduction, we use geometric morphometrics to examine the morphology of pectoral and pelvic girdles in 90 species of limb-reduced skinks and their fully limbed relatives. Clavicle shapes converge towards an acute anterior bend when forelimbs are lost but hindlimbs are retained\u2014a morphology typical of sand-swimmers. This may either indicate functional adaptations to locomotion in fine substrates, or a developmental consequence of complete limb loss. The shape of limb-bearing elements of both girdles (coracoid and pelvis) instead closely mirrors limb reduction, becoming more simplified as undulation replaces limbed locomotion. Integration between girdles decreases in taxa lacking elements of the forelimbs but not hindlimbs, indicating differential selection on each girdle in response to distinct locomotory strategies. However, this pattern becomes less clear when considering phylogenetic history, perhaps because it is limited to one specific clade (\n            <jats:italic>Lerista<\/jats:italic>\n            ). We show how the functional demands of locomotion can induce changes at different levels of organismal organization, including both external and internal structures.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2024.1653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T23:05:52Z","timestamp":1727823952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patterns of girdle shape and their correlates in Australian limb-reduced skinks"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-4586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco","family":"Camaiti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum , London SW7 5BD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark N.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Museum , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia , Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy A.","family":"Hipsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocio","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, Museums Victoria , Carlton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne , Carlton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7720-6280","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David G.","family":"Chapple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair R.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2421690"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1564644"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.2008.00331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-018-1303-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12690"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00744.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Why does a trait evolve multiple times within a clade? 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