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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies of hunter\u2013gatherer locomotion inform a wide range of academic fields, from human behavioural ecology and hominin evolution to sports science and evolutionary health. Despite celebrated ethnographic examples of hunter\u2013gatherer locomotor proficiency in running, climbing, swimming and diving, there has been limited systematic analysis of cross-cultural variation in hunter\u2013gatherer locomotor versatility. We conducted a systematic cross-cultural analysis of hunter\u2013gatherer locomotion, coding locomotor behaviour from over 900 ethnographic documents. Our results indicated that high levels of locomotor versatility are common among hunter\u2013gatherers, and that proficiency of running, climbing, swimming and diving is found in societies across the geographical and ecological breadth of the sample. Each locomotor modality was found to be relevant not only to food acquisition but also in leisure, ritual and violent conflict. Our results also indicated the prevalence of both male and female engagement within each locomotor modality, with climbing being the only modality to possess a notable bias towards male engagement in a substantial proportion of societies. The widespread habituality and functional significance of diverse locomotor proficiency in hunter\u2013gatherers suggests that locomotor versatility represents a dimension of human adaptive lability, playing a major role in the ability of hunter\u2013gatherers to thrive in almost every global ecology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2024.2553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T19:05:58Z","timestamp":1733252758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Extensive locomotor versatility across a global sample of hunter\u2013gatherer societies"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"291","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6473-5995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George","family":"Brill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5752-5770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Mirazon-Lahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-1631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark","family":"Dyble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Running, creeping and climbing: a new ecological and evolutionary perspective on human locomotion","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe H","unstructured":"Watanabe H. 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Micronesica 20, 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Micronesica"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_105_2","volume-title":"The harmless people","author":"Marshall-Thomas E","year":"1959","unstructured":"Marshall-Thomas E. 1959 The harmless people. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. See https:\/\/ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu\/cultures\/fx10\/documents\/009\/pages\/2."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2399893"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.0235"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0092-0_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139003308.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20735"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_111_2","unstructured":"Brill G Mirazon-Lahr M Dyble M. 2024 Supplementary material from: Extensive locomotor versatility across a global sample of hunter-gatherer societies. Figshare. 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