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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Network theory quantifies how changes in species richness,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    , lead to changes in the number of interactions (or links) between species,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Networks with a steep relationship between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    have a high number of links per species, making the network resistant to collapse and therefore more robust. However, changes in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    often coincide with environmental shifts, which can lead to impacts on\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    that are not expected from network theory. In this article, we constructed relationships between\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    for 18 ecosystems using 1081 observations collected across 420 environmental conditions. We found that environmental noise (unspecified spatio-temporal variation) and environmental gradients (directional environmental change) commonly affected ecological network size (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), community composition, and also induced network rewiring, which means that species changed interaction partners as the environment changed. Yet, we found the log(\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">~<\/jats:italic>\n                    log(\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) relationship to be remarkably constant across environmental conditions. Specifically, the slope of this relationship remained constant across conditions, implying consistency in how species loss proportionally affects\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results therefore show that network theory predicts ecosystem robustness across environmental conditions. These results suggest generality to how environmental drivers operate at the level of ecological networks, which is encouraging for conservation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.0467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T23:06:39Z","timestamp":1753830399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Network theory predicts ecosystem robustness across environmental conditions"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3352-9902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Germain","family":"Agazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Bleeckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]},{"name":"Biology Methodology and Didactics Unit, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"de Laender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Namur","place":["Namur, Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-011-9466-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-01298-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-018-0628-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-021-05071-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/080026"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2002.00354.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0226"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-020-1154-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0063"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2008.01460.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Network thinking in ecology and evolution","volume":"20","author":"Proulx SP","year":"2005","unstructured":"Proulx SP SR, Promislow, DEL, Phillips PC. 2005 Network thinking in ecology and evolution. 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