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B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mixed-mating strategies can maximize the benefits and limit the costs of both self-fertilization and outcrossing. In addition to ecological conditions and population dynamics, the economics of mixed mating are determined by individual self-compatibility, i.e. the proportion of self-fertilization events that result in viable offspring. In gynodioecious (hermaphrodites and females) and androdioecious (hermaphrodites and males) species, self-compatibility of hermaphrodites dictates the reproductive potential of the other sex and can exert strong selection on maintenance of the non-hermaphroditic sex. Mangrove rivulus fish populations are androdioecious, and males result from hermaphrodites changing sex. Hermaphrodites overwhelmingly reproduce through internal self-fertilization, but occasionally oviposit unfertilized eggs, which males can fertilize externally. We tested the hypotheses that self-compatibility and fecundity would vary with age and as a function of genotypic variation in propensities for sex change. We reveal that fecundity and self-compatibility vary within individuals across ontogeny and among genotypes with different propensities to change sex. Hermaphrodites from genotypes that frequently change sex were significantly less fecund and self-compatible than hermaphrodites from genotypes that rarely change sex. These differences in self-compatibility and fecundity have the potential to drive mating strategy evolution in mangrove rivulus, specifically the fitness of males and associated spatiotemporal variation in sex ratios within and among populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.0919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T09:44:01Z","timestamp":1755078241000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Variation in self-compatibility among genotypes and across ontogeny in a self-fertilizing vertebrate,\n                    <i>Kryptolebias marmoratus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-3908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Gresham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Pennsylvania State University, Dunmore, PA 18512, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama System, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama System, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe M. 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