{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T10:40:53Z","timestamp":1788950453535,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2056","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Seasonal timing is important for many critical life history events of organisms, and annual changes in daylength provide a reliable seasonal cue. In birds and mammals, photoperiod-driven seasonality is caused by changes in pituitary thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), brain deiodinase (DIO) and triiodothyronine (T\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), but it is unclear if a similar mechanism exists in fish. We used anadromous Atlantic salmon that migrate downstream and enter the ocean in spring to examine photoperiod signaling in fish. Manipulations of diurnal and circannual photoperiod cycles indicate that pituitary\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tsh\u03b2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    and brain\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dio2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription are long day signals that precede endocrine and physiological changes necessary for seawater entry. Exposure to long days caused increased\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dio2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription and T\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels throughout the brain, and intracerebral T\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment resulted in elevated levels of plasma GH that drives migration physiology. Significant ambient light levels reach the pituitary, and transcription of non-visual opsins were found in the pituitary. The isolated (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) pituitary directly responds to increased daylength with elevated\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tsh<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u03b2\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">b<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription, the first time this has been shown in any animal. The results indicate that photoperiod-driven seasonality in fish is driven by direct light stimulation of the pituitary, expanding the known mechanisms of photoperiod responses in vertebrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.1611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:08:08Z","timestamp":1759878488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The fish pituitary directly responds to daylength and drives seasonality"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0621-6200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephen D.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst","place":["Amherst, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2490-1535","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst","place":["Amherst, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3615-2087","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marty Kwok Shing","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biosciences, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7743-7898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takehiro","family":"Tsukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 276-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-9756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bj\u00f6rn Thrandur","family":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg","place":["Gothenburg, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx123"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873001129002079"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-023-01688-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0015"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-024-01692-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06738"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02117"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3108"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111361"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40019-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007712413908"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Euryhaline fishes","author":"McCormick SD","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCormick SD. 2013 Smolt physiology and endocrinology. 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