{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:11:51Z","timestamp":1780621911307,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2058","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. R. Soc. B."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Crocodyliforms display a diverse range of skull morphologies through their evolutionary history. Extant crocodilians possess platyrostral (broad and flat) snouts, thought to be sub-optimal for resisting feeding loads due to the conflicting demands of feeding and hydrodynamic constraints. In contrast, numerous Mesozoic crocodyliforms possessed oreinirostral (dome-shaped) skulls, were terrestrial and hence free from hydrodynamic constraint. This study aims to examine the role of function in determining skull shape in crocodyliforms and assesses the difference in stress resistance between oreinirostral and platyrostral taxa. We hypothesize that in the absence of hydrodynamic constraints, oreinirostral taxa have skulls that are better suited for resisting feeding-induced loads. Using finite element analysis, we evaluated biomechanical performance in oreinirostral notosuchian taxa\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Baurusuchus salgadoensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Caipirasuchus paulistanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , compared to the extant platyrostral\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Alligator mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Crocodylus niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paleosuchus palpebrosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Results show that oreinirostral morphologies are comparatively better suited for resisting forces generated during feeding, with increased muscular efficiency, supporting the hypothesis that hydrodynamic constraints influence crocodyliform skull evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.1773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:06:13Z","timestamp":1762905973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Constraints and adaptations in crocodyliform skull evolution"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"292","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2322-0618","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ananth","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeobiology Research Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol","place":["Bristol, UK"]},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama","place":["Tuscaloosa, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9284-9591","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jen A.","family":"Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull","place":["Kingston upon Hull, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-1832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John A.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeobiology Research Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol","place":["Bristol, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7262-7548","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandra Aparecida Simionato","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Geociencias","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]},{"name":"\u2018Prof. Antonio Celso de Arruda Campos\u2019, Museu de Paleontologia","place":["Monte Alto, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1004-013X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fresia","family":"Ricardi-Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas Instituto de Geociencias","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-0588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ismar","family":"de Souza Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-2276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fabiano Vidoi","family":"Iori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museu de Paleontologia Pedro Candolo","place":["Uchoa, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2618-750X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily J.","family":"Rayfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palaeobiology Research Group, School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol","place":["Bristol, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Feeding in crocodylians and their relatives: functional insights from ontogeny and evolution","author":"Gignac PM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gignac PM, O\u2019Brien HD, Turner AH, Erickson GM. 2019 Feeding in crocodylians and their relatives: functional insights from ontogeny and evolution, pp. 575\u2013610. 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