{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:33:09Z","timestamp":1788219189416,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2063","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013961","name":"Robertson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding the niches of intermediate hosts and vectors for environmentally transmitted pathogens is crucial for identifying endemic areas, assessing habitat suitability and targeting interventions. This study focuses on intermediate hosts of intestinal schistosomes, with over 700 million people at risk of lifelong infection. We compared habitat suitability and species interactions across 674 sites in 52 villages in rural Uganda between 2022 and 2024, capturing a severe flooding event. Spatiotemporal models incorporating a polygon-based method to account for space with time as a fixed effect were developed to analyse snail abundance for Biomphalaria sudanica and B. stanleyi. B. sudanica was associated with marshy sites near lake shorelines and presence of hyacinths, while B. stanleyi was more likely to be found in deeper waters with Vallisneria plants. However, cohabitation was common for both species. Habitat suitability for each species fluctuated temporally, and more starkly with extreme flooding, resulting in switching of species dominance. Our study suggests that events consistent with climate change may influence habitat suitability without necessitating an expansion of environmental areas. Our models enable tracking of dynamic ecological niches that, if replicated elsewhere and for other intermediate hosts or vectors, can be used to better target environmental and community interventions as environmental conditions change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2025.2083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T01:44:48Z","timestamp":1768959888000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal variability and flooding influence the ecological niche of\n                    <i>Biomphalaria<\/i>\n                    intermediate hosts for\n                    <i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>\n                    in rural Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"293","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0451-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Iacovidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 1 , ,","place":["Oxford, UK"],"department":["Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatol M.","family":"Byaruhanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republic of Uganda Ministry of Health 2 , ,","place":["Kampala, Uganda"],"department":["Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Besigye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republic of Uganda Ministry of Health 2 , ,","place":["Kampala, Uganda"],"department":["Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Nabatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republic of Uganda Ministry of Health 2 , ,","place":["Kampala, Uganda"],"department":["Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcis B.","family":"Kabatereine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Republic of Uganda Ministry of Health 2 , ,","place":["Kampala, Uganda"],"department":["Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goylette F.","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford 1 , ,","place":["Oxford, UK"],"department":["Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012020444062100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"383","author":"Colley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R2","unstructured":"WHO\n          . 2024Global report on neglected tropical diseases 2024. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R3","unstructured":"WHO\n          . 2022Guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1903698116","article-title":"Precision mapping of snail habitat provides a powerful indicator of human schistosomiasis transmission","volume":"116","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R5","article-title":"Precision mapping of snail habitat in lake and marshland areas: integrating environmental and textural indicators using Random Forest modeling","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14153707","article-title":"Satellite imagery-based identification of high-risk areas of schistosome intermediate snail hosts spread after flood","volume":"14","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2020.103701","article-title":"What do you mean by \u2018niche\u2019? Modern ecological theories are not coherent on rhetoric about the niche concept","volume":"110","author":"Sales","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Oecologica"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000059655","article-title":"Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the population dynamics of Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi and in the epidemiology of their infection with schistosomes","volume":"98","author":"Woolhouse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-006-0224-y","article-title":"Ecology of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Lake Albert, Western Uganda: snail distributions, infection with schistosomes and temporal associations with environmental dynamics","volume":"568","author":"Kazibwe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.1766","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variability in transmission risk of human schistosomes and animal trematodes in a seasonally desiccating East African landscape","volume":"291","author":"Starkloff","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48335-9","article-title":"Climate and urbanization drive changes in the habitat suitability of Schistosoma mansoni competent snails in Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Glidden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.11.010","article-title":"Large-scale determinants of intestinal schistosomiasis and intermediate host snail distribution across Africa: does climate matter?","volume":"128","author":"Stensgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0536-0","article-title":"Modelling climate change impact on the spatial distribution of fresh water snails hosting trematodes in Zimbabwe","volume":"7","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2252-z","article-title":"Longitudinal survey on the distribution of Biomphalaria sudanica and B. choanomophala in Mwanza region, on the shores of Lake Victoria, Tanzania: implications for schistosomiasis transmission and control","volume":"10","author":"Gouvras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-011-0962-3","article-title":"The distribution of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Lake Victoria with ecological and spatial predictions using Bayesian modelling","volume":"683","author":"Standley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-226","article-title":"Malacological survey and geographical distribution of vector snails for schistosomiasis within informal settlements of Kisumu City, western Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Opisa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2012.128","article-title":"Biomphalaria species distribution and its effect on human Schistosoma mansoni infection in an irrigated area used for rice cultivation in northeast Brazil","volume":"6","author":"Barboza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geospat. Health"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2014.9","article-title":"The spatial and seasonal distribution of Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus forskalii and Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host snails of schistosomiasis, in N\u2019Djamena, Chad","volume":"9","author":"Moser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geospat. Health"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04720-7","article-title":"Spatial and seasonal distribution of Bulinus globosus and Biomphalaria pfeifferi in Ingwavuma, uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for schistosomiasis transmission at micro-geographical scale","volume":"14","author":"Manyangadze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R20","unstructured":"ND of Population Health, University of Oxford. 2022SchistoTrack: a prospective multimorbidity cohort. Seehttps:\/\/www.bdi.ox.ac.uk\/research\/schistotrack (accessed11-September-2022)."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R21","unstructured":"R Core Team\n          . 2024R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Seehttps:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R22","volume-title":"A field guide to african freshwater snails","author":"Kristensen","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1007\/s11749-018-0599-x","article-title":"Comparing implementations of global and local indicators of spatial association","volume":"27","author":"Bivand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Test"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R24","volume-title":"Spatial processes: models & applications","author":"Cliff","year":"1981"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53519-4","article-title":"Current water contact and Schistosoma mansoni infection have distinct determinants: a data-driven population-based study in rural Uganda","volume":"15","author":"Reitzug","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.53","article-title":"Algorithms for hierarchical clustering: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Murtagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"WIREs Data Min. & Knowl."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.30","article-title":"Density-based clustering","volume":"1","author":"Kriegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"WIREs Data Min. Knowl."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1179\/sre.1975.23.176.88","article-title":"Direct and inverse solutions of geodesics on the ellipsoid with application of nested equations","volume":"23","author":"Vincenty","year":"1975","journal-title":"Surv. Rev."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00293","article-title":"Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic","volume":"63","author":"Tibshirani","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassambara\n              A\n            , MundtF. 2016factoextra: extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses. R package version 1.0.7. Seehttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=factoextra.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.factoextra"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R31","unstructured":"Maechler\n              M\n            \n            et al\n          . 2022cluster: Cluster analysis basics and extensions. R package version 2.1.3. Seehttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=cluster."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R32","author":"Jarman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hierarchical cluster analysis: comparison of single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage and centroid linkage method"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044482537-7\/50006-1","volume-title":"Handbook of computational geometry","author":"Aurenhammer","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R34","unstructured":"Turner\n              R\n            \n          . 2024deldir: Delaunay triangulation and Dirichlet (Voronoi) tessellation. R package version 2.0-4. Seehttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=deldir."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R35","first-page":"9","article-title":"Classes and methods for spatial data in R","volume":"5","author":"Pebesma","year":"2018","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-009","article-title":"Simple features for R: standardized support for spatial vector data","volume":"10","author":"Pebesma","year":"2018","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R37","unstructured":"Bivand\n              R\n            , Lewin-KohN. 2022maptools: tools for handling spatial objects. R package version 1.1-4. Seehttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=maptools."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R38","volume-title":"Generalized linear mixed models: modern concepts, methods and applications","author":"Stroup","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","volume":"9","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2001.00219.x","article-title":"A score test for testing a zero-inflated Poisson regression model against zero-inflated negative binomial alternatives","volume":"57","author":"Ridout","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2010.00063.x","article-title":"A unified approach to model selection using the likelihood ratio test","volume":"2","author":"Lewis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R42","first-page":"7","article-title":"Diagnostic checking in regression relationships","volume":"2","author":"Zeileis","year":"2022","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.12691\/ajams-8-2-1","article-title":"Detecting multicollinearity in regression analysis","volume":"8","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Appl. Math. Stat."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R45","unstructured":"Hartig\n              F\n            , HartigMF. 2017Package \u2018dharma\u2019. R package. (doi:10.32614\/CRAN.package.DHARMa)"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhn\n              M\n            \n          . 2007caret: classification and regression training. R package version 6.0-92. Seehttps:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=caret.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.caret"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2002122","article-title":"Daily emergence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium cercariae from naturally infected snails under field conditions","volume":"76","author":"Wolmarans","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011836","article-title":"Re-assessing thermal response of schistosomiasis transmission risk: evidence for a higher thermal optimum than previously predicted","volume":"18","author":"Aslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06313-z","article-title":"A planetary health innovation for disease, food and water challenges in Africa","volume":"619","author":"Rohr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2411838121","article-title":"Modeling how and why aquatic vegetation removal can free rural households from poverty-disease traps","volume":"121","author":"Doruska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003769","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships and biogeography of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) with implications regarding its role as host of the human bloodfluke, Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"18","author":"DeJong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90371-5","article-title":"The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Burundi and its consequences for control","volume":"85","author":"Gryseels","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.2007.00330.x","article-title":"Phylogeny and biogeography of African Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), with emphasis on endemic species of the great East African lakes","volume":"151","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlad052","article-title":"Comparing shell size and shape with canonical variate analysis of sympatric Biomphalaria species within Lake Albert and Lake Victoria, Uganda","volume":"199","author":"Andrus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0503-9","article-title":"Effect of water temperature and population density on the population dynamics of Schistosoma mansoni intermediate host snails","volume":"7","author":"McCreesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of periportal fibrosis and relevance of current Schistosoma mansoni infection within the context of repeated mass drug administration in rural Uganda: a population-based, cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Anjorin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.02.014","article-title":"Compatibility of Ugandan Schistosoma mansoni isolates with Biomphalaria snail species from Lake Albert and Lake Victoria","volume":"128","author":"Adriko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R59","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Biomphalaria snails and larval trematodes","author":"Rollinson","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026563","article-title":"A fresh insight into transmission of schistosomiasis: a misleading tale of Biomphalaria in Lake Victoria","volume":"6","author":"Standley","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8850840","article-title":"Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in Snail intermediate hosts in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2020","author":"Hailegebriel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.04.001","article-title":"Schistosoma transmission: scaling-up competence from hosts to ecosystems","volume":"39","author":"Douchet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1645\/20-138","article-title":"Comparative vectorial competence of Biomphalaria sudanica and Biomphalaria choanomphala, snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, from transmission hotspots In Lake Victoria, Western Kenya","volume":"107","author":"Mutuku","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2024.e00394","article-title":"Time to change implementation units for mass drug administration against schistosomiasis in Uganda: evidence from communities levels data validation and its implication in planning","volume":"27","author":"Adriko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R65","unstructured":"WHO\n          . 2024Assessing schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases control programmes: monitoring and evaluation framework. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R66","article-title":"Temporal variability and flooding influence the ecological niche of Biomphalaria intermediate hosts for Schistosoma mansoni in rural Uganda. Dryad Digital Repository.","author":"Iacovidou","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026012020444062100_R67","article-title":"Supplementary material from: Temporal variability and flooding influence the ecological niche of Biomphalaria intermediate hosts for Schistosoma mansoni in rural Uganda. Figshare.","author":"Iacovidou","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2025.2083\/5650755\/rspb.2025.2083.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rspb.2025.2083\/5650755\/rspb.2025.2083.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T01:44:59Z","timestamp":1768959899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rspb\/article\/293\/2063\/20252083\/479647\/Temporal-variability-and-flooding-influence-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2063","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2025.2083","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v5\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v4\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v4\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v5\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSPB.2025.2083\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2954"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2954","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"article-number":"20252083"}}